De-Ritis Ratio Is Associated with Mortality after Cardiac Arrest

Table 1

Baseline clinical characteristics of the study population at CA.

Variable	All patients ()	Tertile 1 ()	Tertile 2 ()	Tertile 3 ()
Gender (men), (%)	270 (72.2)	86 (68.8)	88 (70.4)	96 (77.4)	0.272
Mean age (years)	62 (51-74)	60 (51-73)	64 (53-76)	65 (51-75)	0.362
Weight (kg)	77 (67-85)	80 (67-88)	80 (66-86)	75 (68-82)	0.242
ICU length of stay (days)	4 (2-9)	4 (3-10)	5 (2-9)	4 (2-9)	0.470
APACHE II score	25 (20-29)	24 (20-29)	24 (19-29)	26 (21-30)	0.259
SOFA score	11 (9-14)	11 (9-14)	11 (9-13)	12 (9-14)	0.195
Arrest characteristics
Bystander-witnessed CA, (%)	320 (85.6)	103 (82.4)	105 (84.0)	112 (90.3)	0.171
Bystander CPR, (%)	254 (67.9)	92 (73.6)	78 (62.4)	84 (67.7)	0.165
Time to ROSC (min)	15 (7-25)	14 (6-24)	15 (7-25)	15 (9-25)	0.448
Adrenaline (mg)	3 (2-5)	3 (1-5)	3 (2-6)	3 (2-5)	0.564
Out of hospital, (%)	207 (55.5)	71 (56.8)	80 (64.5)	56 (45.2)	0.009
TTM, (%)	331 (88.7)	111 (88.8)	112 (89.6)	108 (87.8)	0.905
Noncardiac cause, (%)	153 (40.9)	46 (36.8)	48 (38.4)	59 (47.6)	0.175
Nonshockable rhythm, (%)	221 (59.1)	64 (51.2)	69 (55.2)	88 (71.0)	0.004
Comorbidities
Chronic heart failure, (%)	78 (20.9)	20 (16.0)	25 (20.0)	33 (26.6)	0.115
Hypertension, (%)	159 (42.5)	54 (43.2)	56 (44.8)	49 (39.5)	0.688
Coronary artery disease, (%)	146 (39.0)	51 (40.8)	50 (40.0)	45 (36.3)	0.739
Diabetes, (%)	91 (24.3)	24 (19.2)	31 (24.8)	36 (29.0)	0.193
COPD/asthma, (%)	63 (16.8)	17 (13.6)	25 (20.0)	21 (16.9)	0.401
Neurological disease, (%)	54 (14.4)	18 (14.4)	17 (13.6)	19 (15.3)	0.928
Chronic renal failure, (%)	62 (16.6)	19 (15.2)	15 (12.0)	28 (22.8)	0.065
Liver cirrhosis, (%)	17 (4.5)	3 (2.4)	4 (3.2)	10 (8.1)	0.068
Corticosteroids, (%)	85 (22.7)	30 (24.0)	24 (19.2)	31 (25.0)	0.505
Chronic anticoagulation, (%)	65 (17.4)	20 (16.0)	20 (16.0)	25 (20.2)	0.607
During ICU stay
IABP, (%)	24 (6.4)	5 (4.0)	13 (10.4)	6 (4.8)	0.081
ECMO, (%)	47 (12.6)	20 (16.0)	11 (8.8)	16 (12.9)	0.227
Shock, (%)	200 (53.5)	62 (49.6)	65 (52.0)	73 (58.9)	0.314
Vasopressor therapy, (%)	283 (75.7)	87 (69.6)	95 (76.0)	101 (81.5)	0.093
Inotropic agents, (%)	201 (53.7)	61 (48.8)	66 (52.8)	74 (59.7)	0.220
Mechanical ventilation, (%)	369 (98.7)	123 (98.4)	123 (98.4)	123 (99.2)	0.820
Use of hepatotoxic drugs, (%)	325 (86.9)	108 (86.4)	110 (88.0)	107 (86.3)	0.904
Paracetamol, (%)	203 (54.3)	66 (52.8)	75 (60.0)	62 (50.0)	0.263
Amiodarone, (%)	187 (50.0)	57 (45.6)	65 (52.0)	65 (52.4)	0.482
β-Lactams, (%)	158 (42.2)	47 (37.6)	59 (47.2)	52 (41.9)	0.306
Quinolones, (%)	7 (1.9)	0 (0.0)	3 (2.4)	4 (3.2)	0.149
Azoles, (%)	8 (2.1)	4 (3.2)	2 (1.6)	2 (1.6)	0.604
Isoniazid, (%)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	—
TMP/SMX, (%)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	—
Metronidazole, (%)	2 (0.5)	1 (0.8)	1 (0.8)	0 (0.0)	0.607
Chemotherapy, (%)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	—
CRRT, (%)	61 (16.3)	15 (12.0)	21 (16.8)	25 (20.2)	0.215
HH, (%)	27 (7.2)	8 (6.4)	4 (3.2)	15 (12.1)	0.023
ALF, (%)	208 (55.6)	59 (47.2)	65 (52.0)	84 (67.7)	0.003
AKI, (%)	221 (59.1)	68 (54.4)	75 (60.0)	78 (62.9)	0.382
Lowest platelet count (mm [3])	133 (79-187)	144 (79-194)	148 (94-193)	107 (69-169)	0.024
Lowest ScvO2/SvO2 (%)	62 (56-66)	61 (56-66)	63 (56-68)	62 (56-66)	0.662
Hematology index on admission
Lactate (mEq l^-1)	5.1 (4.1-7.7)	4.6 (3.8-7.2)	5.1 (4.4-7.5)	5.6 (4.2-8.3)	0.016
ScvO2/SvO2 (%)	69 (64-74)	68 (63-74)	70 (64-77)	68 (63-73)	0.050
AST (IU/L)	95 (47-193)	100 (47-193)	68 (38-134)	121 (66-242)	<0.001
ALT (IU/L)	68 (32-153)	106 (60-226)	50 (29-104)	50 (29-120)	<0.001
LDH (IU/L)	336 (240-489)	311 (225-456)	321 (235-412)	403 (262-588)	0.001
ALP (IU/L)	77 (58-106)	72 (57-95)	74 (59-97)	91 (59-137)	0.003
GGT (IU/L)	68 (42-103)	66 (40-102)	61 (36-81)	85 (55-138)	<0.001
Total bilirubin (mg dL^-1)	0.5 (0.3-0.9)	0.5 (0.3-0.8)	0.5 (0.3-0.9)	0.6 (0.4-1.1)	0.020
APTT (sec)	32 (27-44)	31 (26-40)	32 (28-43)	35 (29-52)	0.012
PT (%)	65 (47-79)	71 (50-88)	67 (50-81)	55 (42-70)	<0.001
INR	1.3 (1.1-1.5)	1.2 (1.1-1.5)	1.2 (1.1-1.5)	1.4 (1.2-1.7)	<0.001
Platelets (mm [3])	201 (138-267)	210 (148-273)	206 (151-251)	179 (120-244)	0.044
Proteins (mg dL^-1)	5.7 (5.0-6.3)	5.8 (5.0-6.2)	5.8 (5.0-6.6)	5.6 (5.0-6.2)	0.598
Glucose (mg dL^-1)	200 (155-290)	215 (151-311)	214 (170-299)	180 (135-252)	0.003
pH	7.30 (7.21-7.38)	7.30 (7.22-7.38)	7.29 (7.22-7.38)	7.30 (7.19-7.38)	0.948
PaCO2 (mmHg)	37 (33-44)	37 (33-44)	38 (34-45)	37 (32-43)	0.303
PaO2 (mmHg)	111 (85-179)	114 (86-177)	111 (86-184)	108 (83-180)	0.706
MAP (mmHg)	86 (75-103)	89 (78-106)	87 (74-109)	84 (72-99)	0.040
Creatinine (mg dL^-1)	1.2 (0.9-1.6)	1.2 (1.0-1.5)	1.2 (0.9-1.6)	1.2 (0.9-1.9)	0.699
CRP (mg dL-1)	40 (14-84)	32 (9-71)	32 (11-73)	50 (21-110)	0.008

Abbreviation: ICU: intensive care unit; CPR: cardiopulmonary resuscitation; ROSC: return of spontaneous circulation; TTM: targeted temperature management; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IABP: intra-aortic balloon pump; ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; CRRT: continuous renal replacement therapy; HH: hypoxic hepatitis; ALF: acute liver failure; AKI: acute kidney injury; ScvO₂/SvO₂: central venous/mixed venous oxygen saturation; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; GGT: γ-glutamyl transferase; APTT: activated partial thromboplastin time; PT: prothrombin time; INR: international normalized ratio; MAP: mean arterial pressure; CRP: C-reactive protein; APACHE: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.