Vitamin D Deficiency May Not Be an Independent Risk Factor for Peripheral Arterial Disease in Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in China
Table 1
Clinical and biochemical characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with and without peripheral arterial disease (PAD).
Parameters
All participants ()
T2DM ()
T2DM+PAD ()
Age (years)
0.002
Male, (%)
108 (59.0%)
34 (51.5%)
74 (63.2%)
0.121
Disease duration (years)
0.001
Hypertension, (%)
79 (43.2%)
26 (39.4%)
53 (45.3%)
0.439
Smoking, (%)
83 (45.4%)
22 (33.3%)
61 (52.1%)
0.014
Diabetes, (%)
82 (44.8%)
34 (51.5%)
48 (41.0%)
0.171
BMI (kg/m2)
0.971
TG (mmol/L)
0.181
LDL (mmol/L)
0.096
HDL (mmol/L)
0.702
TC (mmol/L)
0.432
ApoB (g/L)
0.348
ApoA1 (g/L)
0.639
LPA (g/L)
0.244
HbA1c (%)
0.034
25(OH)D (nmol/L)
0.055
Creatinine (μmol/L)
0.426
Phosphate (mmol/L)
0.103
Calcium (mmol/L)
0.999
Serum uric acid (μmol/L)
0.475
PTH (ng/L)
0.308
HbA1c controlled, (%)
0.001
Yes
40 (21.9%)
25 (37.9%)
15 (12.8%)
No
143 (78.1%)
41 (62.1%)
102 (87.2%)
Vitamin D deficiency, (%)
0.054
Yes
81 (44.3%)
23 (34.8%)
58 (49.6%)
No
102 (55.7%)
43 (65.2%)
59 (50.4%)
Season, (%)
0.678
Spring-winter
98 (53.6%)
34 (51.5%)
64 (54.7%)
Summer-autumn
85 (46.4%)
32 (48.5%)
53 (45.3%)
. BMI: body mass index; TG: triglycerides; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; TC: total cholesterol; ApoB: lipoprotein B; ApoA1: lipoprotein A1; LPA: lipoprotein A; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; 25(OH)D: 25-hydroxyvitamin-D; PTH: parathormone; vitamin D deficiency: nmol/L; HbA1c controlled: .
