The Roles of Liver Inflammation and the Insulin Signaling Pathway in PM2.5 Instillation-Induced Insulin Resistance in Wistar Rats

Table 2

(a) Serum concentrations of FBG, HbA1c, INS, and HOMA-IR in rats ()

	FBG (mmol/L)	HbA1 (μg/mL)	INS (ng/mL)	HOMA-IR
Control group
0.75 mg/kg PM2.5 group
2.5 mg/kg PM2.5 group	^ab		^ab	^ab
5 mg/kg PM2.5 group	^abc		^ab	^ab
10 mg/kg PM2.5 group	^abc	^abcd	^ab	^abc
	24.556	6.708	6.774	21.053
	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

Note: compared to the control group, ^a; compared to the 0.75 mg/kg PM2.5 group, ^b; compared to the 2.5 mg/kg PM2.5 group, ^c; compared to the 5 mg/kg PM2.5 group, ^d.

(b) Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test in rats (IPGTT) ()

	Blood glucose (mmol/L)						AUCglu
	0	5	10	30	60	120
A
B							^a
C	^ab	^ab	^a	^a	^ab	^a	^ab
D	^abc	^ab	^abc	^abc	^ab	^a	^abc
E	^abc	^ab	^ab	^abc	^abc	^abcd	^abcd
	24.56	11.78	12.95	43.22	8.21	9.16	60.61
	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

Note: A: control group; B: 0.75 mg/kg PM2.5 group; C: 2.5 mg/kg PM2.5 group; D: 5 mg/kg PM2.5 group; E: 10 mg/kg PM2.5 group; AUC_glu: area under the curve; : value; : value. Compared to the control group, ^a; compared to the 0.75 mg/kg PM2.5 group, ^b; compared to the 2.5 mg/kg PM2.5 group, ^c; compared to the 5 mg/kg PM2.5 group, ^d.