ACE2 and Apelin-13: Biomarkers with a Prognostic Value in Congestive Heart Failure
Table 1
The baseline characteristics of patients and controls.
Patients ()
Controls ()
value
Age (years)
67.94 (11.81)
55.38 (10.69)
<0.001
BMI (kg/m2)
26.2 (24.2-30)
29.38 (26.6-30.37)
0.273
Sex (female)
15 (28.3)
9 (69.23)
0.01
Cigarette smoking
15 (28.3)
4 (30.77)
1
Alcohol drinking
10 (18.87)
2 (15.38)
1
Heart failure
Acute (de novo) HF
14 (26.42)
—
—
Chronic compensated HF
19 (35.85)
Chronic decompensated HF
20 (37.74)
NYHA class
II
25 (47.17)
—
—
III
19 (35.85)
IV
9 (16.98)
Medication
Betablocker
2 (3.77)
1 (7.69)
0.185
ACE inhibitor
11 (20.75)
0 (0)
Betablocker+ACE inhibitor
28 (52.83)
7 (53.85)
None
12 (22.64)
5 (38.46)
LV end-diastolic volume (mL)
146 (120-190)
—
—
LV mass (g/m2)
162.5 (41)
90.6 (17)
<0.001
Ejection fraction (%)
25 (20-35)
55 (55-60)
<0.001
NT-proBNP (pg/mL)
1241 (875-1531)
254 (100-334)
<0.001
Apelin-13 (pg/mL)
495 (275-845)
515 (402-1005)
0.223
ACE2 (pg/mL)
3123 (2780–3467)
3106 (2543–3669)
0.966
IL-17 (pg/mL)
1.26 (1.045–1.615)
1.64 (0.99–2.30)
0.268
8-Iso-PGF2α (pg/μmol creatinine vs)
267.32 (299.82-636.5)
19.82 (13.35-22.5)
Uric acid (mg/dL)
7.5 (6.5-8.9)
4.6 (3.8-5.2)
<0.001
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
155 (140-174)
212 (181-219)
<0.001
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)
93 (72-106)
135 (109-157)
<0.001
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)
41 (34-48)
50 (41-62)
0.047
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
108 (87-144)
89 (69-112)
0.116
C reactive protein (mg/dL)
0.5 (0.4-0.8)
0.5 (0.3-0.5)
0.142
Creatinine clearance (mL/min)
72.73 (32.87)
103.89 (23.54)
0.002
Corrected creatinine clearance (mL/min/1.73 m2)
65.65 (26.08)
97.54 (19.92)
<0.001
BMI: body mass index; HF: heart failure; ACE inhibitor: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; LV: left ventricle; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein. Categorical data are presented as number (percentage), normally distributed continuous data are presented as mean (standard deviation), and those not normally distributed are presented as median and interquartile range.
