Early Prediction of Disease Progression in Patients with Severe COVID-19 Using C-Reactive Protein to Albumin Ratio
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of patients with stable and progressive COVID-19.
Variables
Total ()
Disease progression
value
Stable ()
Progressive ()
Age, median (IQR), years
62.0 (54.0-69.0)
61.0 (53.0-68.0)
67.5 (57.0-73.8)
0.001
Male, [%]
248 (53.3%)
208 (50.9%)
40 (71.4%)
0.004
Comorbidities, [%]
Hypertension
223 (48.0%)
184 (45.0%)
39 (69.7%)
0.001
Diabetes
102 (21.9%)
89 (21.8%)
13 (23.2%)
0.805
Coronary heart disease
63 (13.5%)
49 (12.0%)
14 (25.0%)
0.008
Chronic obstructive lung disease
37 (8.0%)
27 (6.6%)
10 (17.9%)
0.008
Malignancy
30 (6.5%)
26 (6.4%)
4 (7.1%)
0.822
Vital signs
Respiration rate, median (IQR),breaths per minute
21.0 (20.0-25.0)
21.0 (20.0-25.0)
23.5 (22.0-29.5)
<0.001
SpO2, median (IQR), %
92.0 (90.0-93.0)
92.0 (90.0-93.0)
85.0 (82.3-87.8)
<0.001
Pulse, median (IQR), beats per minute
88.0 (78.5-101.0)
88.0 (78.0-100.5)
92.5 (80.0-104.8)
0.140
MAP, median (IQR), mm Hg
96.7 (90.0-106.2)
96.7 (90.0-106.0)
96.2 (91.0-106.6)
0.916
Temperature, median (IQR), °C
36.8 (36.4-37.3)
36.8 (36.3-37.3)
37.0 (36.5-37.8)
0.010
Disease severity scores, median (IQR)
SOFA score
2.0 (2.0-3.0)
2.0 (2.0-3.0)
4.0 (3.0-4.0)
<0.001
CURB-65 score
1.0 (0.0-1.0)
1.0 (0.0-1.0)
1.0 (1.0-2.0)
<0.001
Clinical outcomes
Invasive mechanical ventilation, [%]
43 (9.2%)
0 (0.0%)
43 (76.8%)
<0.001
ICU admission, [%]
40 (8.6%)
0 (0.0%)
40 (71.4%)
<0.001
Length of hospital stay of survivors, median (IQR), days
31.0 (22.0-40.0)
31.0 (22.0-38.0)
51.0 (45.0-55.0)
<0.001
Hospital mortality, [%]
34 (7.3%)
0 (0.0%)
34 (60.7%)
<0.001
Data are presented as medians (IQR) and (%). values were calculated by Student -test, Mann–Whitney test, Chi-square test, or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate. values indicate differences between the stable and progressive patients. Abbreviations: IQR: interquartile range; SpO2: percutaneous oxygen saturation; MAP: mean arterial pressure; SOFA score: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score.
