Early Prediction of Disease Progression in Patients with Severe COVID-19 Using C-Reactive Protein to Albumin Ratio
Table 2
Laboratory findings in patients with stable and progressive COVID-19 on admission.
Laboratory findings
Normal range
Total ()
Disease progression
value
Stable ()
Progressive ()
Blood routine
White blood cell count, ×109/L
3.5-9.5
6.0 (4.4-7.8)
5.8 (4.4-7.3)
8.8 (4.7-11.9)
<0.001
Platelet count, ×109/L
125-350
223.0 (169.0-293.0)
232.0 (177.0-301.0)
165.0 (110.5-220.3)
<0.001
Neutrophil count, ×109/L
1.8-6.3
4.0 (2.9-6.2)
3.9 (2.8-5.5)
7.5 (3.8-10.3)
<0.001
Lymphocyte count, ×109/L
1.1-3.2
1.0 (0.7-1.4)
1.1 (0.8-1.5)
0.6 (0.4-0.8)
<0.001
Hemoglobin, g/L
115-150
125.0 (114.0-136.0)
125.0 (113.0-136.0)
128.0 (115.0-141.5)
0.239
Blood biochemistry
Aspartate aminotransferase, U/L
8-40
29.0 (22.0-42.0)
28.0 (21.0-41.0)
39.5 (28.0-63.8)
<0.001
Alanine aminotransferase, U/L
5-35
32.0 (20.5-52.0)
32.0 (20.0-51.0)
39.0 (24.3-63.0)
0.105
Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L
109-245
256.0 (196.0-353.5)
240.0 (191.5-319.5)
399.5 (323.8-619.8)
<0.001
Total bilirubin, μmol/L
3.0-20
10.9 (8.3-15.1)
10.7 (8.0-14.6)
12.4 (9.8-20.2)
0.003
Albumin, g/L
33-55
31.3 (27.5-34.8)
31.7 (28.3-35.7)
26.8 (22.8-30.6)
<0.001
Blood urea nitrogen, mmol/L
2.9-8.2
4.8 (3.7-6.6)
4.7 (3.6-6.0)
6.5 (4.2-9.1)
<0.001
Creatinine, μmol/L
41-81
68.7 (57.4-81.3)
68.0 (56.8-80.3)
74.6 (65.6-87.4)
0.020
Myocardial injury mediators
Creatine kinase, U/L
24-170
68.0 (43.0-124.5)
66.0 (42.0-117.0)
105.0 (48.5-259.8)
0.001
High-sensitive cardiac troponin I, ng/L
<26.2
4.2 (2.2-11.0)
3.7 (2.0-8.0)
16.5 (7.5-95.3)
<0.001
Inflammatory mediators
C-reactive protein, mg/L
0-8
30.8 (4.3-66.1)
22.0 (3.9-57.9)
100.2 (51.8-131.0)
<0.001
Blood coagulation
D-dimer, μg/mL
0-0.5
0.7 (0.3-2.0)
0.6 (0.3-1.6)
5.5 (0.9-8.0)
<0.001
Prothrombin time, s
11.0-16.0
13.1 (12.5-14.1)
13.0 (12.5-13.8)
14.1 (13.0-14.9)
<0.001
International normalized ratio
0.83-1.36
1.0 (1.0-1.1)
1.0 (1.0-1.1)
1.1 (1.0-1.2)
<0.001
Bacterial infection mediators
Procalcitonin, μg/L
<0.05
0.1 (0.1-0.1)
0.1 (0.1-0.1)
0.2 (0.1-0.4)
<0.001
Lipids
TC, mmol/L
0-5.2
4.1 (3.5-4.7)
4.1 (3.5-4.7)
3.9 (3.2-4.6)
0.083
TG, mmol/L
0-1.7
1.3 (1.0-1.8)
1.3 (1.0-1.8)
1.2 (1.1-1.7)
0.636
HDL-C, mmol/L
1.1-1.74
0.9 (0.8-1.1)
0.9 (0.8-1.1)
0.8 (0.6-0.9)
<0.001
LDL-C, mmol/L
0-3.12
2.4 (1.9-2.9)
2.4 (1.9-2.9)
2.3 (1.9-2.9)
0.651
apoA-I, g/L
1-1.6
0.8 (0.7-1.0)
0.8 (0.7-1.0)
0.7 (0.6-0.8)
<0.001
apoB, g/L
0.6-1.2
0.9 (0.8-1.1)
0.9 (0.8-1.1)
1.0 (0.8-1.2)
0.204
Lp(a), mg/dL
0-30
14.1 (6.3-25.8)
13.7 (5.8-24.7)
16.3 (8.4-36.3)
0.030
Data are presented as medians (IQR). values were calculated by Student -test and Mann–Whitney test, as appropriate. values indicate differences between the progressive and stable patients. Abbreviations: TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; apoA-I: apolipoprotein A-I; apo-B: apolipoprotein B; Lp(a): lipoprotein A; CRP: C-reactive protein.
