Early Prediction of Disease Progression in Patients with Severe COVID-19 Using C-Reactive Protein to Albumin Ratio

Table 4

Logistic regression analysis of risk factors for clinical progression in patients with severe COVID-19.

	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
Variables	OR(95% CI)	value	OR (95% CI)	value
Age	1.040 (1.015-1.066)	0.002
Male	2.416 (1.311-4.452)	0.005
Hypertension	2.805 (1.536-5.122)	0.001
Coronary heart disease	2.449 (1.248-4.807)	0.009
Chronic obstructive lung disease	3.076 (1.400-6.759)	0.005
Respiration rate	1.116 (1.054-1.181)	<0.001
SpO2	0.706 (0.649-0.768)	<0.001	0.794 (0.726-0.868)	<0.001
Temperature	1.492 (1.105-2.013)	0.009
NLR	1.132 (1.089-1.178)	<0.001
PLR	1.002 (1.000-1.003)	0.045
PNI	0.979 (0.973-0.986)	<0.001
SII	1.000 (1.000-1.001)	<0.001
CRP/Alb ratio	2.176 (1.815-2.610)	<0.001	1.888 (1.516-2.352)	<0.001
Aspartate aminotransferase	1.013 (1.006-1.021)	0.001
Lactate dehydrogenase	1.007 (1.005-1.009)	<0.001
Total bilirubin	1.083 (1.042-1.124)	<0.001
Creatine kinase	1.003 (1.001-1.004)	<0.001
Blood urea nitrogen	1.055 (1.009-1.104)	0.019
D-dimer	1.411 (1.286-1.548)	<0.001	1.219 (1.085-1.370)	0.001
Prothrombin time	1.318 (1.126-1.543)	0.001

Abbreviations: SpO₂: percutaneous oxygen saturation; NLR: neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; PLR: platelet-lymphocyte ratio; PNI: prognostic nutritional index; SII: systemic immune-inflammation index; CRP: C-reactive protein; Alb: albumin.