IL-38 and IL-36 Target Autophagy for Regulating Synoviocyte Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Figure 5

IL-38 facilitates synoviocyte migration and invasion via autophagy. (a) SW982 cells were transfected with IL-38 overexpression plasmids or empty vector and treated with 3-MA or rapamycin or left untreated. Cells were cultured for 12 hours followed by wound healing assay. Images of the wound were captured at 0, 24, and 48 hours after the wound was created. Representative micrographs (100x) from three independent experiments are shown. (b) S SW982 cells were transfected with IL-38 overexpression plasmids or empty vector and treated with 3-MA or rapamycin or left untreated. Cells were cultured for 24 hours and then digested by trypsin, resuspended, and seeded into upside well of the transwell system. After cultured for 24 hours, cells were subjected to crystal violet staining and microscopy examination. Three separate experiments were performed with consistent results, and represented images are shown.

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