Role of ssDNA as a Noninvasive Indicator for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Exploratory Study

Table 3

Diagnostic efficiency of various variables for HCC.

Variable	Optimal cut-off value	SEN%	SPE%	AUC	95% CI
AFP (ng/mL)	>4.95	56.86	89.19	0.733	0.691-0.772	<0.001
CA19-9 (U/mL)	>38.8	50.98	84.05	0.700	0.656-0.741	<0.001
CA12-5 (U/mL)	>10.4	90.20	46.22	0.742	0.700-0.781	<0.001
CEA (ng/mL)	>2.57	66.67	54.59	0.595	0.549-0.640	0.002
AFP+CA19-9+CA12-5+CEA	>0.1763	62.75	84.05	0.772	0.732-0.809	<0.001
ssDNA (ng/μL)	>12.36	95.10	76.49	0.909	0.879-0.933	<0.001
AFP+CA199	>0.1824	64.08	84.28	0.771	0.730-0.808	<0.001
AFP+CA125	>0.1891	66.99	74.53	0.771	0.730-0.808	<0.001
AFP+CEA	>0.2010	54.37	81.30	0.710	0.667-0.751	<0.001
CA199+CA125	>0	0.00	100.00	0.500	0.454-0.546	<0.001
CA199+CEA	>0.19279	71.84	61.52	0.705	0.662-0.746	<0.001
CA125+CEA	>0.20725	47.57	88.89	0.736	0.694-0.775	<0.001
AFP+CA199+CEA	>0.185	60.19	86.99	0.777	0.736-0.813	<0.001
AFP+CA199+CA125	>0.17613	66.02	82.11	0.783	0.743-0.819	<0.001
CA199+CA125+CEA	>0.18432	59.22	82.38	0.751	0.710-0.790	<0.001
ssDNA+AFP+CA199	>0.16065	87.38	81.30	0.902	0.872-0.927	<0.001
ssDNA+AFP+CA125	>0.1669	85.44	83.47	0.905	0.875-0.930	<0.001
ssDNA+AFP+CEA	>0.15144	93.20	78.05	0.907	0.877-0.932	<0.001
ssDNA+CA199+CA125	>0.16608	84.47	82.66	0.900	0.869-0.925	<0.001
ssDNA+CA199+CEA	>0.17043	85.44	83.47	0.900	0.869-0.925	<0.001
ssDNA+CA125+CEA	>0.17867	83.50	85.91	0.905	0.875-0.930	<0.001
ssDNA+AFP+CA199+CA125	>0.15393	89.32	78.86	0.902	0.872-0.927	<0.001
ssDNA+AFP+CA199+CEA	>0.16522	86.41	83.47	0.901	0.871-0.927	<0.001
ssDNA+CA199+CA125+CEA	>0.16153	87.38	81.57	0.901	0.870-0.926	<0.001
ssDNA+AFP	>0.1448	95.10	76.49	0.911	0.882-0.935	<0.001
ssDNA+CA19-9	>0.1433	95.10	74.59	0.904	0.874-0.929	<0.001
ssDNA+CA12-5	>0.1533	90.20	78.65	0.906	0.876-0.931	<0.001
ssDNA+CEA	>0.1529	94.12	78.38	0.909	0.880-0.934	<0.001
ssDNA+AFP+CA19-9+CA12-5+CEA	>0.1555	89.22	81.89	0.905	0.875-0.930	<0.001

AFP: alpha-fetoprotein; CA: cancer antigen; CEA: carcinoembryonic antigen; ssDNA: single-stranded DNA; SEN: sensitivity; SPE: specificity; AUC: area under the curve; CI: confidence interval.