Risk Assessment of Liver Metastasis in Pancreatic Cancer Patients Using Multiple Models Based on Machine Learning: A Large Population-Based Study
Table 2
Univariate and multivariate logistic regression to identify risk factors related to liver metastasis for pancreatic cancer patients.
Characteristic
Univariate logistic regression
Multivariate logistic regression
HR (95CI)
value
HR (95CI)
value
Age at PC diagnosis
20-49
Ref
Ref
50-69
1.05 (0.97-1.13)
0.227
0.75 (0.68-0.82)
<0.001
≥70
0.82 (0.76-0.89)
<0.001
0.48 (0.43-0.53)
<0.001
Gender
Female
Ref
Ref
Male
1.23 (1.18-1.28)
<0.001
1.15 (1.1-1.2)
<0.001
Year of PC diagnosis
2010-2013
Ref
Ref
2014-2018
1.08 (1.03-1.12)
<0.001
0.98 (0.93-1.03)
0.358
Race, no. (%)
White
Ref
Ref
Black
1.17 (1.1-1.23)
<0.001
1.02 (0.95-1.09)
0.58
Other
0.84 (0.78-0.9)
<0.001
0.88 (0.81-0.96)
0.002
Primary tumor site
Head of the pancreas
Ref
Ref
Body of the pancreas
2.21 (2.09-2.34)
<0.001
1.63 (1.53-1.73)
<0.001
Tail of the pancreas
3.49 (3.31-3.69)
<0.001
3.23 (3.02-3.45)
<0.001
Overlapping lesion of the pancreas
2.29 (2.17-2.42)
<0.001
1.63 (1.53-1.74)
<0.001
AJCC T stage
T1/T2
Ref
Ref
T3/T4
1.55 (1.53-1.57)
<0.001
1.5 (1.47-1.52)
<0.001
AJCC N stage
N0
Ref
Ref
N1/N2
1.89 (1.85-1.92)
<0.001
1.64 (1.56-1.73)
<0.001
Tumor histology
Adenocarcinomas
Ref
Ref
Other
0.44 (0.42-0.47)
<0.001
0.83 (0.78-0.88)
<0.001
Tumor size
0-2
Ref
Ref
2-5
1.85 (1.71-2)
<0.001
1.69 (1.54-1.85)
<0.001
>5
3.64 (3.36-3.94)
<0.001
2.64 (2.4-2.9)
<0.001
Number of nodes examined
None
Ref
Ref
One or more
0.09 (0.08-0.1)
<0.001
0.44 (0.39-0.48)
<0.001
Surgery
No
Ref
Ref
Yes
0.05 (0.05-0.06)
<0.001
0.1 (0.09-0.11)
<0.001
Chemotherapy
No
Ref
Ref
Yes
0.87 (0.84-0.9)
<0.001
0.17 (0.16-0.19)
<0.001
Radiotherapy
No
Ref
Ref
Yes
0.15 (0.14-0.16)
<0.001
1.08 (1.03-1.13)
<0.001
Note: the univariate and multivariate logistic regression was established in all patients set. Abbreviations: AJCC: American Joint Committee on Cancer; PC: pancreatic cancer.
