Risk Assessment of Liver Metastasis in Pancreatic Cancer Patients Using Multiple Models Based on Machine Learning: A Large Population-Based Study

Table 3

Performance of machine learning model.

Prediction models	Training set					Test set
	ROC		Gini index	Specificity	Sensitivity	ROC		Gini index	Specificity	Sensitivity
Random forest	0.871	(0.868-0.874)	0.742	0.718	0.854	0.832	(0.824-0.840)	0.664	0.665	0.875
Extreme gradient boosting	0.838	(0.833-0.841)	0.676	0.665	0.854	0.837	(0.829-0.845)	0.674	0.671	0.860
Deep neural network	0.830	(0.826-0.835)	0.660	0.681	0.827	0.832	(0.824-0.840)	0.664	0.619	0.900
Support vector machine	0.813	(0.808-0.817)	0.626	0.672	0.839	0.812	(0.803-0.821)	0.624	0.696	0.826
Logistic regression	0.817	(0.813-0.822)	0.634	0.702	0.791	0.821	(0.813-0.829)	0.642	0.689	0.814