Sequential and Dynamic Variations of IL-6, CD18, ICAM, TNF-α, and Microstructure in the Early Stage of Diabetic Retinopathy

Figure 9

The pathogenetic process and molecular mechanism of the early occurrence and development of DR. There are two loops in the mechanism of DR: loop-1 (microcirculation obstruction-hypoxia-HIF1-VEGF-neovascularization-microcirculation obstruction) and loop-2 (VEGF-VEGFR-JAK-STAT3-VEGF).