Upregulation of miR-664a-3p Ameliorates Calcific Aortic Valve Disease by Inhibiting the BMP2 Signaling Pathway

Figure 1

miR-664a-3p is downregulated in human aortic valve calcification disease samples. (a) HE staining of the aortic valve from CAVD and normal clinical samples. Scale bar, 400 μm. (b) Western blotting and quantification of BMP2, RUNX2, MST2, and OSTERIX protein expression in CAVD and normal clinical samples. GAPDH was used for normalization. (c) Volcano plots showing the differential expression of microRNAs in the aortic valve from CAVD clinical samples compared to control samples. Pink dots indicate significantly upregulated microRNAs in the CAVD group. Green dots indicate significantly downregulated microRNAs. Blue dots indicate microRNAs with insignificant differences. (d) Heat map shows the clustering analysis results of the top 20 microRNAs for differential expression in three pairs of samples. The red (higher expression) or green (lower expression) color represents the normalized expression value of the indicated microRNAs. (e) The expression levels of four candidate microRNAs showing the most significant downregulation in CAVD clinical samples were verified by RT-qPCR in five additional pairs of samples. Data are presented as . , , and .

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