Silencing of TLR4 Inhibits Atrial Fibrosis and Susceptibility to Atrial Fibrillation via Downregulation of NLRP3-TGF-β in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Figure 2

Silencing of TLR4 alleviated susceptibility to atrial fibrillation (AF) in spontaneously hypertensive rats. (a) Typical surface electrogram lead II recordings of sinus rhythm and induced atrial fibrillation after burst pacing. (b–d) Statistically significant results of P wave maximum duration, total time of atrial fibrillation episodes, and probability of induced AF in each group ( for each). Data are expressed as . Statistical analyses: values were evaluated by ANOVA, followed by a post hoc Tukey’s test. , , and versus the control; ^#, ^##, and ^### versus the SHR group; ^& versus the SHR+vehicle group; significantly different as indicated.

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