Reference Intervals of Spot Urine Creatinine-to-Osmolality Ratio as a Surrogate of Urinary Creatinine Excretion Rate

Table 1

Demographics, comorbidities, and medication use ().

	(range) or number (%)
Age, year	(18.0-79.9)
Female sex	1,493 (45.0)
Body weight, kg	(39.3-125.7)
Body mass index, kg/m^2	(18.5-34.9)
Races
Mexican American	361 (10.9)
Other Hispanic	483 (11.6)
Non-Hispanic White	1172 (35.3)
Non-Hispanic Black	781 (23.6)
Non-Hispanic Asian	526 (15.9)
Other races	93 (2.8)
Comorbidities
Hypertension	834 (25.2)
Diabetes mellitus	392 (11.8)
Coronary artery disease	146 (4.4)
Congestive heart failure	63 (1.9)
Cerebrovascular disease	81 (2.4)
Active liver disease	57 (1.7)
Cancer	213 (6.4)
Medication use
ACEI/ARB	477 (14.4)
β-Adrenergic blocker	255 (7.7)
Calcium channel blocker	209 (6.3)
Diuretics	280 (8.4)
Other antihypertensives	87 (2.6)

Abbreviations: ACEI: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blocker; SD: standard deviation.