Reference Intervals of Spot Urine Creatinine-to-Osmolality Ratio as a Surrogate of Urinary Creatinine Excretion Rate

Table 3

Comparisons of spot urine creatinine according to conditions of demographics, comorbidities, and medication use.

	sUCr, mg/dL	value
Sex
Male vs. female	vs.	<0.001
Races
Mexican American		<0.001^a
Other Hispanic
Non-Hispanic White
Non-Hispanic Black
Non-Hispanic Asian
Other races
African American (yes vs. no)	vs.	<0.001
Comorbidities (yes vs. no)
Hypertension	vs.	0.185
Diabetes mellitus	vs.	<0.001
Coronary artery disease	vs.	0.968
Congestive heart failure	vs.	0.911
Cerebrovascular disease	vs.	0.217
Active liver disease	vs.	0.217
Cancer	vs.	<0.001
Medication use (yes vs. no)
ACEI/ARB	vs.	0.186
β-Adrenergic blocker	vs.	0.085
Calcium channel blocker	vs.	0.358
Diuretics	vs.	0.012
Other antihypertensives	vs.	0.502

Abbreviations: ACEI: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blocker; sUCr: spot urine creatinine concentration. To convert creatinine to μmol/L, multiplied by 88.4. ^aAs indicated, a comparison for the means among the various ethnic groups is performed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) along with the Bonferroni method as the post hoc test.