Reference Intervals of Spot Urine Creatinine-to-Osmolality Ratio as a Surrogate of Urinary Creatinine Excretion Rate
Table 5
Comparisons of spot urine creatinine-to-osmolality ratio according to conditions of demographics, comorbidities, and medication use.
sUCr/Osm
value
Sex
Male vs. female
vs.
<0.001
Races
Mexican American
<0.001a
Other Hispanic
Non-Hispanic White
Non-Hispanic Black
Non-Hispanic Asian
Other races
African American (yes vs. no)
vs.
<0.001
Comorbidities (yes vs. no)
Hypertension
vs.
0.054
Diabetes mellitus
vs.
0.123
Coronary artery disease
vs.
0.199
Congestive heart failure
vs.
0.104
Cerebrovascular disease
vs.
0.305
Active liver disease
vs.
0.240
Cancer
vs.
0.080
Medication use (yes vs. no)
ACEI/ARB
vs.
0.186
β-Adrenergic blocker
vs.
0.027
Calcium channel blocker
vs.
<0.001
Diuretics
vs.
0.315
Other antihypertensives
vs.
0.002
Abbreviations: ACEI: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blocker; sUCr/Osm: spot urine creatinine-to-osmolality ratio. aAs indicated, a comparison for the means among the various ethnic groups is performed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) along with the Bonferroni method as the post hoc test.
