Reference Intervals of Spot Urine Creatinine-to-Osmolality Ratio as a Surrogate of Urinary Creatinine Excretion Rate

Table 7

Standardized () coefficients of multivariable linear regression models^a for spot urine profile.

	sUCr		sUOsm		sUCr/Osm
Age	-0.010	0.303	-0.088	<0.001	-0.070	<0.001
Sex (ref. male)	0.027	0.018	-0.059	<0.001	0.029	0.147
Body weight	0.053	<0.001	-0.002	0.848	0.110	<0.001
African American (ref. non-African American)	0.068	<0.001	-0.010	0.249	0.151	<0.001
Comorbidities (ref. no presence)
Hypertension	-^b	-^b	-^b	-^b	-^b	-^b
Diabetes mellitus	-^b	-^b	-^b	-^b	-0.038	0.017
CVA	-^b	-^b	-^b	-^b	-^b	-^b
Cancer	-^b	-^b	-^b	-^b	-^b	-^b
Medication use (ref. no user)
β-Adrenergic blocker	-^b	-^b	0.022	0.019	-^b	-^b
Calcium channel blocker	0.020	0.029	-^b	-^b	0.034	0.031
Other antihypertensives	-^b	-^b	-^b	-^b	-^b	-^b
Blood biochemistry
Urea nitrogen	-0.181	<0.001	0.250	<0.001	-0.247	<0.001
Creatinine	0.243	<0.001	-0.264	<0.001	0.384	<0.001
Albumin	-^b	-^b	-0.032	0.001	-^b	-^b
GOT	-^b	-^b	-^b	-^b	-^b	-^b
Total bilirubin	0.020	0.033	-^b	-^b	0.037	0.021
Uric acid	0.055	<0.001	-0.051	<0.001	0.095	<0.001
CPK	-^b	-^b	-^b	-^b	-^b	-^b
Glucose	-0.031	0.001	0.038	<0.001	-^b	-^b
Osmolality	-^b	-^b	0.037	0.001	-^b	-^b
Na	-^b	-^b	-^b	-^b	-^b	-^b
Ca	-^b	-^b	-^b	-^b	-0.037	0.016
P	-^b	-^b	-0.026	0.005	-^b	-^b
Urine profile
sUCr	NA	NA	0.841	<0.001	NA	NA
sUOsm	0.818	<0.001	NA	NA	NA	NA
UACR	-^b	-^b	-^b	-^b	-^b	-^b
Adjusted -square	0.752		0.744		0.257

Abbreviations: CPK: creatine phosphokinase; CVA: cerebrovascular accident; GOT: glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; NA: nonapplicable; ref.: reference group; sUCr: spot urine creatinine; sUCr/Osm: spot urine creatinine-to-osmolality ratio; sUOsm: spot urine osmolality; UACR: urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio. ^aPerformed with natural logarithm-transformed data of all variables. ^bOmitted for conciseness, as the value ≥ 0.05.