Echium amoenum L. Ethanol Extract Protects Retinal Ganglion Cell after Glutamate and Optic Nerve Crush Injury

Figure 2

Protective effects of the E. amoenum ethanol extract on glutamate-induced R28 cell death. (a) Effects of 50 and 100 μg/mL E. amoenum ethanol extract on the viability of R28 cells treated with 10 mM glutamate for 24 h, as measured by the CCK-8 assay. (b) Effects of 50 and 100 μg/mL E. amoenum ethanol extract on the death of R28 cells treated with 10 mM glutamate for 24 h. (c) Quantification of the percentage of propidium iodide (PI)-positive cells. (d) Fluorescence-activated cell sorting to detect ROS production in glutamate-treated R28 cells.  μm. Data are (); , , and versus the negative control group. ECA: E. amoenum ethanol extract; Glu: glutamate; ROS: reactive oxygen species.

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