UHPLC-MS/MS-Based Metabolomics and Clinical Phenotypes Analysis Reveal Broad-Scale Perturbations in Early Pregnancy Related to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Table 1
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the GDM group and the control group.
Characteristic
GDM group
Control group
value
Number ()
60
90
Maternal age (mean ± SD, years)
30.8 ± 4.0
30.4 ± 2.6
0.86
Embryonic age at collection (mean ± SD, weeks)
9.7 ± 1.8
10.2 ± 1.8
0.08
Nationality
0.42
Han
56 (93)
87 (97)
Manchu
2 (3)
2 (2)
Hui
1 (2)
0
Ewenki
1 (2)
0
Korean
0 (0)
1 (1)
Pre-pregnancy BMI (mean ± SD, kg/m2)
25.1 ± 4.0
22.4 ± 4.1
<0.01
Low
0 (0)
8 (9)
Normal
28 (47)
55 (61)
Overweight
32 (53)
27 (30)
Parity
0.59
Primipara
32 (53)
44 (49)
Multiparas
28 (47)
46 (51)
Family history of diabetes
0.14
Yes
11 (18)
9 (10)
No
49 (82)
81 (90)
Infant gender
0.64
Male
35 (58)
49 (54)
Female
25 (42)
41 (46)
Infant birth weight (mean ± SD, g)
3481.1 ± 617.7
3345.1 ± 514.2
0.03
Infant length (mean ± SD, cm)
50.0 ± 2.1
49.7 ± 1.4
0.07
Data are presented as mean ± SD or participant numbers (%), unless otherwise specified. values were calculated by hypothesis testing. For continuous variables, the distribution of the variable was first assessed by the Shapiro-Wilk test. Bilateral Student’s-test was used for normally distributed data, while the Mann–Whitneytest was used for nonparametric data. For categorical variables, values were calculated using the chi-square test.
