Association of Plasma Anion Gap with 28-Day Inhospital Mortality and 1-Year Mortality of Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder at ICU Admission: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Table 1
Baseline characteristics between AG groups.
Variable
AG (mmol/L)
value
()
()
()
()
()
Age (years)
58.00 (48.00-66.00)
56.00 (47.00-65.00)
55.00 (45.00-64.00)
54.00 (44.00-64.00)
54.00 (45.00-62.00)
<0.001
Sex (male), (%)
209 (73.85%)
388 (76.98%)
788 (73.03%)
683 (71.00%)
852 (73.13%)
0.191
Time in ICU (days)
2.29 (1.49-4.72)
2.53 (1.57-5.16)
2,63 (1.58-5.34)
2.73 (1.71-6.01)
2.79 (1.70-6.04)
0.002
Time in hospital (days)
7.96 (5.08-12.83)
7.73 (4.59-14.26)
8.29 (4.71-14.96)
8.23 (4.58-15.54)
8.42 (4.17-15.58)
0.803
28-day inhospital mortality, (%)
13 (4.59%)
31 (6.15%)
82 (7.60%)
105 (10.91%)
218 (18.71%)
<0.001
1-year mortality, (%)
19 (6.71%)
45 (8.93%)
108 (10.01%)
137 (14.24%)
243 (20.86%)
<0.001
Vital signs
Anion gap
10.00 (10.00-11.00)
13.00 (12.00-13.00)
15.00 (14.00-16.00)
18.00 (17.00-19.00)
23.00 (21.00-27.00)
<0.001
Scoring systems
SOFA
5.00 (3.00-7.00)
4.00 (2.00-7.00)
4.00 (2.00-7.00)
5.00 (3.00-8.00)
7.00 (3.00-11.00)
<0.001
LODS
4.00 (2.00-6.00)
3.00 (2.00-6.00)
4.00 (2.00-6.00)
4.00 (2.00-7.00)
5.00 (3.00-9.00)
<0.001
SAPSII
29.00 (22.00-36.00)
28.00 (21.00-37.00)
29.00 (21.00-37.00)
31.00 (22.00-41.00)
35.00 (25.00-48.00)
<0.001
QSOFA, (%)
0.001
0
6 (2.12%)
13 (2.58%)
27 (2.50%)
27 (2.81%)
23 (1.97%)
1
67 (23.67%)
121 (24.01%)
251 (23.26%)
196 (20.37%)
268 (23.00%)
2
144 (50.88%)
241 (47.82%)
489 (45.32%)
468 (48.65%)
468 (40.17%)
3
66 (23.32%)
129 (25.60%)
312 (28.92%)
271 (28.17%)
406 (34.85%)
SIRS, (%)
<0.001
0
7 (2.47%)
11 (2.18%)
14 (1.30%)
6 (0.62%)
6 (0.52%)
1
42 (14.84%)
53 (10.52%)
100 (9.27%)
79 (8.21%)
63 (5.41%)
2
90 (31.80%)
179 (35.52%)
351 (32.53%)
335 (34.82%)
332 (28.50%)
3
103 (36.40%)
192 (38.10%)
431 (39.94%)
359 (37.32%)
332 (28.50%)
4
41 (14.49%)
69 (13.69%)
183 (16.96%)
183 (19.02%)
262 (22.49%)
Ethnicity, (%)
<0.001
White
195 (68.90%)
318 (63.10%)
669 (62.00%)
612 (63.62%)
700 (60.09%)
Black
12 (4.24%)
25 (4.96%)
94 (8.71%)
87 (9.04%)
141 (12.10%)
Hispanic
7 (2.47%)
26 (5.16%)
45 (4.17%)
39 (4.05%)
50 (4.29%)
Others
69 (24.38%)
135 (26.79%)
271 (25.12%)
224 (23.28%)
274 (23.52%)
First care unit, (%)
<0.001
MICU
87 (30.74%)
146 (28.97%)
322 (29.84%)
318 (33.06%)
481 (41.29%)
CCU
62 (21.91%)
87 (17.26%)
218 (20.20%)
181 (18.81%)
172 (14.76%)
SICU
33 (11.66%)
82 (16.27%)
173 (16.03%)
150 (15.59%)
166 (14.25%)
MICU/SICU
14 (4.95%)
36 (7.14%)
68 (6.30%)
72 (7.48%)
87 (7.47%)
CVICU
31 (10.95%)
70 (13.89%)
171 (15.85%)
158 (16.42%)
188 (16.14%)
TSICU
54 (19.08%)
57 (11.31%)
78 (7.23%)
28 (2.91%)
25 (2.15%)
Others
2 (0.71%)
26 (5.16%)
49 (4.54%)
55 (5.72%)
46 (3.95%)
Ventilation, (%)
237 (83.75%)
421 (83.53%)
863 (79.98%)
732 (76.09%)
912 (78.28%)
0.003
Vasopression, (%)
8 (2.83%)
19 (3.77)
57 (5.28%)
76 (7.90%)
167 (14.33%)
<0.001
Major comorbidities, (%)
Sepsis
156 (55.12%)
292 (57.94%)
575 (53.29%)
523 (54.37%)
731 (62.75%)
<0.001
Myocardial infarct
30 (10.60%)
43 (8.53%)
95 (8.80%)
84 (8.73%)
107 (9.18%)
0.877
Congestive heart failure
33 (11.66%)
73 (14.48%)
184 (17.05%)
148 (15.38%)
173 (14.85%)
0.207
Peripheral vascular disease
28 (9.89%)
33 (6.55%)
77 (7.14%)
66 (6.86%)
56 (4.81%)
0.019
Cerebrovascular disease
19 (6.71%)
55 (10.91%)
135 (12.51%)
128 (13.31%)
93 (7.98%)
<0.001
Peptic ulcer disease
16 (5.65%)
24 (4.76%)
48 (4.45%)
34 (3.53%)
57 (4.89%)
0.481
Mild liver disease
122 (43.11%)
202 (40.08%)
362 (33.55%)
353 (36.69%)
581 (49.87%)
<0.001
Severe liver disease
76 (26.86%)
114 (22.62%)
194 (17.98%)
181 (18.81%)
315 (27.04%)
<0.001
Chronic pulmonary disease
64 (22.61%)
128 (25.40%)
246 (22.80%)
200 (20.79%)
205 (17.60%)
0.002
Renal disease
11 (3.89%)
27 (5.36%)
65 (6.02%)
100 (10.40%)
150 (12.88%)
<0.001
Metastatic solid tumor
9 (3.18%)
12 (2.38%)
36 (3.34%)
21 (2.18%)
26 (2.23%)
0.398
Malignant cancer
29 (10.25%)
41 (8.13%)
91 (8.43%)
60 (6.24%)
74 (6.35%)
0.056
Aids
2 (0.71%)
3 (0.60%)
10 (0.93%)
9 (0.94%)
9 (0.77%)
0.952
Abbreviations: AG: anion gap; CCU: cardiac care unit; CVICU: cardiovascular intensive care unit; ICU: intensive care unit; LODS: logistic organ dysfunction system; MICU: medical intensive care unit; QSOFA: quick sepsis-related organ failure assessment; SAPSII: simplified acute physiology score II; SICU: surgical intensive care unit; SIRS: systemic inflammatory response syndrome; SOFA: sequential organ failure assessment; TSICU: trauma and surgical intensive care unit.
