Polyphenol Extracts from Grape Seeds and Apple Can Reactivate Latent HIV-1 Transcription through Promoting P-TEFb Release from 7SK snRNP

Figure 2

Polyphenol extracts from grape seeds, apple, pomegranate, and bilberry facilitate latent HIV transcription indicated by HIV-1 LTR-driven GFP expression levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner. (a, b) J-Lat A2 cells/2D10 cells were treated with 50 μM, 100 μM, and 200 μM and for increasing time periods (6, 12, and 24 h) as indicated. Polyphenol extracts from grape seeds, apple, pomegranate, and bilberry and 2.5 μM prostratin as a positive control for 24 h. The GFP-positive cells were detected by flow cytometry (FACS), and the percentages of GFP-expressing cells in the entire population were indicated. (c) WCE (whole cell extracts) of J-Lat A2 cells/2D10 cells incubated with 200 μM of polyphenol extracts from grape seeds, apple, pomegranate, and bilberry for 24 h were analyzed by western blotting to test the content of GFP protein. (d) J-Lat A2 cells/2D10 cells were treated with the same indicated concentrations and for indicated time periods. The ratios of the GFP/GAPDH mRNA levels in treated J-Lat A2 cells/2D10 cells were determined by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). The error bars in all panels represent from three independent experiments.