Correlation of the Phase Angle with Muscle Ultrasound and Quality of Life in Obese Females

Table 1

Classical anthropometric, muscle ultrasound, and bioimpedance parameters.

Parameters	Mean ± SD
Weight (kg)	83.5 ± 14.6
BMI (kg/m^2)	32.1 ± 1.6
Waist circumference	101.2 ± 10.6
Phase angle (°)	6.1 ± 0.7
Resistance Ohms	512.2 ± 68.7
Reactance Ohms	55.2 ± 9.9
Fat mass(kg)	33.2 ± 10.5
Fat-free mass (kg)	50.4 ± 5.6
SMM	25.1 ± 5.9
aSMM	19.9 ± 2.9
SMMI	9.7 ± 2.1
aSMMI	7.7 ± 0.9
Right muscle area QRF (cm^2/m^2)	1.61 ± 0.5
Left muscle area QRF (cm^2/m^2)	1.62 ± 0.6
Right circumference area QRF (cm/m^2)	3.28 ± 0.5
Left circumference area QRF (cm/m^2)	3.39 ± 0.6
Right thickness (cm/m^2)	0.55 ± 0.1
Left thickness (cm/m^2)	0.54 ± 0.2
Ecointensity (points/m^2)	12.00 ± 5.8

BIA measured the geometrical components of impedance (Z), resistance (R), and the capacitance component (X). The BIA provided data regarding fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), appendicular muscle mass (aSMM), skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI) as SMMI divided by squared height, and appendicular muscle mass index (aSMMI) as SMI divided by squared height. QRF: quadriceps rectus femoris. Ultrasound parameters were standardized dividing by the patient’s height squared; Y axis muscle thickness, circumference, cross-sectional area, and the mean gray value (MGV) (Echo-intensity).