Infarction Patterns and Recurrent Adverse Cerebrovascular Events in Moyamoya Disease
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of patients.
Characteristics
Overall (), n (%)
Infarction patterns, n (%)
value
NAI ()
SAI ()
MAIs ()
Age, y, (IQR)
35 (14-45)
32 (12-45)
34 (16-44)
39 (24-46)
0.166
≤18
91 (27.8)
40 (32.8)
32 (25.4)
19 (24.1)
0.297
>18
236 (72.2)
82 (67.25)
94 (74.6)
60 (75.9)
Female
170 (52)
64 (52.5)
64 (50.8)
42 (53.2)
0.939
Current or previous smoking
64 (19.6)
19 (15.6)
35 (23.8)
10 (19.0)
0.26
Alcohol consumption
78 (23.9)
21 (17.2)
35 (27.8)
22 (27.8)
0.094
Comorbidity
Any
113 (34.6)
39 (32.0)
44 (34.9)
30 (38.0)
0.678
Hypertension
96 (29.4)
33 (27.0)
37 (29.4)
26 (32.9)
0.672
Diabetes
31 (9.5)
6 (4.9)
14 (11.1)
11 (13.9)
0.075
Hyperlipidemia
25 (7.6)
9 (7.4)
12 (9.5)
4 (5.1)
0.50
Family history of MMD
16 (4.9)
4 (3.3)
10 (7.9)
2 (2.5)
0.139
Previous TIA
107 (32.7)
48 (39.3)
36 (28.6)
23 (29.1)
0.143
Time since last TIA> 3 months
42 (12.8)
20 (16.4)
14 (11.1)
8 (10.1)
0.328
mRS at admission
0-2
307 (93.9)
122 (100)
112 (88.9)
73 (92.4)
0.001
3-5
20 (6.1)
0 (0)
14 (11.1)
6 (7.6)
Antithrombotic agents
122 (37.3)
37 (30.3)
54 (42.9)
31 (39.2)
0.115
Statin
92 (28.1)
27 (22.1)
39 (31.0)
26 (32.9)
0.169
Onset to DWI duration, d, (IQR)
2 (1-2)
2 (1-2)
2 (1-2)
2 (1-2)
0.851
SUZUKI stage
1-2
90 (29.4)
37 (33.3)
26 (21.8)
27 (35.5)
0.094
3-4
155 (50.7)
58 (52.3)
63 (52.9)
34 (44.7)
5-6
61 (19.9)
16 (14.4)
30 (25.2)
15 (19.7)
Bilateral CBF decrease †
232 (71.4)
77 (63.1)
94 (75.8)
61 (77.2)
0.037
Present of aneurysms ‡
11 (3.4)
6 (4.9)
3 (2.4)
2 (2.5)
0.484
PCA involvement ‡
107 (32.7)
34 (27.9)
48 (38.1)
25 (31.6)
0.223
Onset to surgery duration, m
≤ 3
238 (72.8)
95 (77.9)
81 (64.3)
62 (78.5)
0.024
> 3
89 (27.2)
27 (22.1)
45 (35.7)
17 (21.5)
Surgery modality
Indirect
195 (59.6)
79 (64.8)
73 (57.9)
43 (54.4)
0.306
Direct
132 (40.4)
43 (35.2)
53 (42.1)
36 (45.6)
Repeated revascularization
82 (25.1)
28 (34.1)
35 (42.7)
19 (23.2)
0.661
Duration between surgeries, m, (IQR)
8 (6-12)
8 (5-12)
8 (6-11)
9 (6-12)
0.681
21 patients without digital subtraction angiography before surgery. †2 missing data, 308 patients were assessed via computed tomography perfusion, 5 via arterial spin labeling MR perfusion, 4 via perfusion weighted imaging, and 8 via single-photon emission computerized tomography. ‡310 patients were evaluated by digital subtraction angiography (DSA), and 17 patients were evaluated either by computed tomography angiography (CTA) or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Abbreviations: MMD: moyamoya disease; TIA: transient ischemic attack; DWI: diffusion-weighted imaging; CBF: cerebral blood flow; PCA: posterior cerebral artery; IQR: interquartile range.
