| | Low RBP (n =152) | High RBP (n =153) | p |
| | Male, n (%) | 126(82.9) | 106(69.3) | 0.007 | | Age, years | 52.63 ± 10.63 | 51.71 ± 10.29 | 0.451 | | BMI,kg/m2 | 24.76 ± 3.36 | 24.38 ± 3.44 | 0.336 | | Follow up, months | 20.50(13.84, 31.59) | 24.60(12.88, 37.12) | 0.579 | | Diabetic duration, years | 8.58 ± 6.52 | 8.28 ± 5.90 | 0.666 | | Diabetic retinopathy, n/N (%) | 72/110(65.5) | 80/121(66.1) | 1 | | Systolic BP, mmHg | 137.05 ± 15.48 | 145.2 ± 16.57 | <0.001 | | Diastolic BP mmHg | 80.24 ± 11.43 | 83.4 ± 11.68 | 0.021 | | Hemoglobulin, mg/dL | 11.59 ± 2.23 | 11.01 ± 1.92 | 0.015 | | HbA1c, % | 7.53 ± 1.67 | 7.76 ± 2.00 | 0.277 | | Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.59 ± 1.42 | 5.02 ± 1.54 | 0.011 | | Triglyceride, mmol/L | 2.12 ± 1.5 | 1.99 ± 1.13 | 0.377 | | HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.03 ± 0.35 | 1.15 ± 0.39 | 0.006 | | LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.55 ± 1.15 | 2.91 ± 1.2 | 0.006 | | VLDL-C, mmol/L | 0.96 ± 0.69 | 0.94 ± 0.55 | 0.653 | | Uric acid, μmol/L | 397.73 ± 86.28 | 380.47 ± 94.19 | 0.119 | | Serum albumin, g/L | 35.88 ± 6.55 | 31.82 ± 6.16 | <0.001 | | SCr, mg/dL | 1.53 ± 0.68 | 1.48 ± 0.70 | 0.415 | | eGFR, ml/min/1.73m2 | 60.24 ± 29.14 | 60.42 ± 25.99 | 0.948 | | UPCR, g/g | 2.1(0.73, 4.23) | 3.92(2.69, 5.82) | <0.001 | | Urinary albumin, g/Mol.Cr | 66.79(37.47, 121.93) | 353.52(213.65, 604.49) | <0.001 | | Urinary IgG, g/Mol.Cr | 11.48(4.8, 22.43) | 55.1(27.88, 91.2) | <0.001 | | Urinary β2-MG, g/Mol.Cr | 0.19(0.06, 0.60) | 0.59(0.22, 1.59) | <0.001 | | Urinary NAG, U/Mol.Cr | 1.31(0.94, 2.33) | 2.39(1.60, 3.83) | <0.001 | | Treatment | | | | | RAAS inhibitor | 92(60.5) | 101(66.0) | 0.343 | | CCB | 106(69.7) | 110(71.9) | 0.707 | | Statin | 54(35.5) | 60(39.2) | 0.554 | | Insulin | 94(61.8) | 113(73.9) | 0.028 |
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RBP, retinol-binding protein; BP, blood pressure; HbA1c, Hemoglobin A1c; HDL-C, High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; VLDL-C, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SCr, serum creatinine; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; UPCR, urinary protein to creatinine ratio; β2-MG, β2-microglobulin; NAG, N-acetyl-β-D-glycosaminidase; RAAS, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; CCB, calcium channel blocker.
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