Do Specific Craniomaxillofacial Features Correlate with Psychological Distress in Adult Pretreatment Orthodontic Patients? A Cephalometric Study

Table 2

Differences of cephalometric parameters in male patients with and without psychological distress ().

Cephalometric parameters	No psychological distress	Psychological distress		value	Adjusted value
Hard tissue
ANB (°)			-0.356	0.723	0.771
FMA (°)			-2.404	0.018	0.112
Saddle angle (°)			2.351	0.021	0.112
Articular angle (°)			-1.736	0.086	0.172
Gonial angle (°)			-1.882	0.063	0.144
Bjork’s sum (°)			-2.070	0.041	0.131
Ramus height (mm)			0.207	0.837	0.864
Mandibular body length (mm)			1.135	0.259	0.440
Anterior cranial base length (mm)			1.804	0.075	0.161
Posterior cranial base length (mm)			-0.846	0.399	0.581
AFH (mm)			-4.621	0.000	0.001
PFH (mm)			-0.502	0.617	0.681
LAFH (mm)			-2.181	0.032	0.131
UAFH (mm)			-1.038	0.302	0.478
Wits appraisal (mm)			1.125	0.261	0.440
Overjet (mm)			1.884	0.060	0.144
Overbite (mm)			3.332	0.001	0.016
AFH/PFH			-2.054	0.043	0.131
UAFH/LAFH			1.506	0.135	0.254
Soft tissue
Facial convexity (°)			0.561	0.576	0.681
Nasolabial angle (°)			-0.518	0.606	0.681
Nasal prominence (°)			0.646	0.520	0.666
Upper lip length (mm)			-3.052	0.003	0.032
Lower lip length (mm)			-2.124	0.036	0.131
Lower lip to E plane (mm)			-0.518	0.605	0.681
Upper lip to E plane (mm)			-1.011	0.314	0.478
Lower lip thickness (mm)			0.651	0.520	0.666
Upper lip thickness (mm)			-0.723	0.476	0.662
Soft tissue chin thickness (mm)			2.358	0.020	0.112
Sn-Me’ (mm)			-1.999	0.049	0.131
N’-Sn (mm)			-0.095	0.925	0.925
N’-Sn/Sn-Me’			2.009	0.047	0.131

Cephalometric parameter measurements are expressed as . Mann-Whitney test and independent sample -test are used. . FMA: Frankfort-mandibular plane angle; AFH: anterior facial height; PFH: posterior facial height; UAFH: upper anterior facial height; LAFH: lower anterior facial height.