| | Characteristic | Total N = 115 (%) | Controls n = 97 (%) | Cases n = 18 (%) | p Value |
| | Age, median (IQR), years | 46 (38, 51) | 46 (38, 51) | 49.5 (40, 56) | 0.219 | | Body mass index, median (IQR), kg/m2 | 26.7 (22.7, 31.2) | 26.7 (23.0, 31.6) | 20.8 (19.0, 23.2) | 0.006 | | Females | 83 (72.2) | 72 (74.2) | 11 (61.1) | 0.254 | | Patient on antiretroviral therapy | 110 (95.7) | 97 (100) | 13 (72.2) | <0.001 | | Previous tuberculosis treatment | 26 (22.6) | 16 (16.5) | 10 (55.6) | <0.001 | | Any history of smoking | 18 (15.7) | 13 (13.4) | 5 (27.8) | 0.155 | | History of alcohol use | 63 (54.8) | 53 (54.6) | 10 (55.6) | 0.943 | | Current symptoms | | | | | | Cough | 25 (21.9) | 12 (12.4) | 13 (76.5) | <0.001 | | Weight loss | 16 (13.9) | 3 (3.1) | 13 (72.2) | <0.001 | | Chest pain, n = 111 | 18 (16.2) | 7 (7.2) | 11 (78.6) | <0.001 | | Hemoptysis | 5 (4.4) | 0 (0) | 5 (29.4) | <0.001 | | Laboratory results, median (IQR) | | | | | | Leucocyte count (×109 per liter) | 5.1 (4.0, 5.8) | 4.8 (3.9, 5.7) | 5.9 (5.5, 8.6) | 0.016 | | Neutrophil count (×109 per liter) | 2.1 (1.6, 3.1) | 2.0 (1.5, 2.5) | 4.4 (3.2, 6.8) | 0.003 | | Lymphocyte count (×109 per liter) | 2.1 (1.6, 2.5) | 2.3 (1.8, 2.6) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.8) | <0.001 | | Eosinophil count (×109 per liter) | 0.12 (0.06, 0.21) | 0.12 (0.07, 0.21) | 0.10 (0.02, 0.27) | 0.813 | | Basophil count (×109 per liter) | 0.01 (0.01, 0.02) | 0.01 (0.01, 0.02) | 0.03 (0.00, 0.06) | 0.001 | | Neutrophil–leucocyte ratio | 0.98 (0.72, 1.68) | 0.92 (0.67, 1.09) | 3.52 (3.14, 7.71) | <0.001 | | Platelet–leucocyte ratio | 128.4 (101.5, 167.5) | 123.6 (100.6, 155.4) | 237.5 (177.8, 361.6) | 0.001 | | Hemoglobin level | 14.2 (13.2, 15.2) | 14.4 (13.5, 15.5) | 11 (9.5, 12.5) | <0.001 | | Mean corpuscular volume (g/dL) | 91.3 (86.1, 95.9) | 913 (87.3, 95.8) | 91.2 (80.5, 101.0) | 0.937 | | Platelet count (cells/mm3) | 264.9 (221.9, 309.7) | 263.5 (221.9, 301.8) | 286 (222, 371) | 0.761 | | Creatinine (mmol/L) | 104.0 (86.4, 121.6) | 107.1 (92.6, 123.7) | 66 (57, 83.5) | 0.001 | | Total bilirubin (µmol/L) | 0.39 (0.24, 0.65) | 0.35 (0.23, 0.55) | 4.6 (2.7, 9.7) | <0.001 | | Alkaline aminophosphatase (IU/L) | 110 (82, 150) | 110 (81, 147) | 137 (95, 202.6) | 0.365 | | Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L) | 20.3 (15.4, 28.1) | 20.6 (15.5, 28.1) | 17.8 (13.6, 27.3) | 0.616 | | Aspartate aminotransferase (IU/L) | 27.1 (22.5, 33.5) | 27.3 (22.7, 33.5) | 25.1 (16.7, 37.8) | 0.616 | | Gamma-glutamyl transferase (IU/L) | 47.1 (35, 66.1) | 46.7 (33.6, 61.2) | 76.8 (44, 121) | 0.140 | | Lactate dehydrogenase (IU/L) | 564 (411.6, 772) | 594 (450, 780) | 248.8 (185, 356) | 0.002 |
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