Research Article
The Effect of Whey Protein Supplements on Acne Vulgaris among Male Adolescents and Young Adults: A Case-Control Study from North of Jordan
Table 1
Comparison of demographics, acne-inducing factors, and dairy and protein supplement consumption between acne cases and controls.
| | Variable | Cases N = 100 | Controls N = 101 | value | | n | (n/N)% | n | (n/N)% |
| | Age (years) | | | | | 0.105 | | Mean (SD) | 22 (4.52) | | 23 (5.07) | | | | 14–21 | 49 | (49.0) | 42 | (41.6) | 0.168 | | 22–29 | 43 | (43.0) | 41 | (40.6) | | | 30–37 | 7 | (7.0) | 13 | (12.9) | | | 38–45 | 1 | (1.0) | 5 | (4.9) | | | Education level | | | | | 0.271 | | Primary school | 15 | (15.0) | 14 | (13.9) | | | High school | 18 | (18.0) | 21 | (20.8) | | | Bachelor | 64 | (64.0) | 58 | (57.4) | | | Grand | 3 | (3.0) | 8 | (7.9) | | | Body mass index (BMI) | | | | | 0.144 | | Underweight <20 | 7 | (7.0) | 4 | (4.0) | | | Normal weight (20–25) | 46 | (46.0) | 40 | (39.6) | | | Overweight >25 | 40 | (40.0) | 40 | (39.6) | | | Obese >30 | 7 | (7.0) | 17 | (16.8) | | | Smoking habits | | | | | 0.850 | | I don’t smoke | 39 | (39.0) | 41 | (40.6) | | | I smoke cigarettes and water pipe | 11 | (11.0) | 13 | (12.9) | | | Cigarette smoking | 34 | (34.0) | 35 | (34.6) | | | Water pipe smoking | 16 | (16.0) | 12 | (11.9) | | | Chronic disease (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and thyroid disease) | 5 | (5.0) | 1 | (1.0) | 0.118 | | Corticosteroid intake in the last 3 months | 4 | (4.0) | 3 | (2.97) | 0.690 | | Vitamin B12 intake in the last 3 months | 33 | (33.0) | 24 | (23.8) | 0.146 | | Family history of acne | 41 | (41.0) | 25 | (24.8) | 0.014 | | Anabolic steroid intake | 2 | (2.0) | 2 | (1.98) | 1.000 | | Protein supplement intake | 59 | (59.0) | 43 | (42.5) | 0.019 | | Full-fat milk | 44 | (44.0) | 30 | (29.7) | 0.035 | | Skimmed milk | 25 | (25.0) | 31 | (30.7) | 0.368 | | Dairy products (yogurt and cheese) | 60 | (60.0) | 59 | (58.4) | 0.819 |
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These values were obtained using Fisher’s exact test due to low count. |
