Depressive Symptoms among Haramaya University Students in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 2

Binary logistic regression: factors associated with depressive symptoms among students of Haramaya University, 2013.

Variables	No depressive symptoms	Depressive symptoms	value	COR (95% CI)
Sex
Male	574	203	Reference	Reference
Female	174	71	0.38	1.15 [0.84-1.59]
Age group in years
≤19	111	54	Reference	Reference
20-24	613	215	0.07	0.72 [0.5-1.03]
25-29	23	4	0.07	0.36 [0.12-1.08]
≥30	1	1	0.61	2.1 [0.13-33.5]
Ethnicity
Oromo	312	108	Reference	Reference
Amara	222	82	0.7	1.1 [0.76-1.5]
Tigre	46	21	0.33	1.32 [0.75-2.31]
Wolayita	21	8	0.82	1.1 [0.47-2.56]
Harari	4	4	0.14	2.89 [0.71-11.75]
Somali	11	4	0.93	1.05 [0.33-3.37]
Guraghe	55	26	0.24	1.37 [0.82-2.28]
Other	77	21	0.38	0.79 [0.46-1.34]
Religion
Orthodox	361	157	0.001	2.3 [1.53-3.47]
Muslim	181	64	0.008	1.87 [1.17-2.97]
Protestant	180	34	Reference	Reference
Catholic	5	1	0.96	1.06 [0.12-9.35]
No religion	1	4	0.007	21.17 [2.29-195.3]
Traditional religion followers	26	19	0.001	3.71 [1.71-8.04]
Year of study
1^st year	240	112	0.001	5.72 [2.01-16.23]
2^nd year	185	80	0.002	5.3 [1.85-15.17]
3^rd year	187	62	0.009	4.1 [1.41-11.7]
4^th year	87	16	0.17	2.25 [0.71-7.12]
5^th year and above	49	4	Reference	Reference
Marital status
Single	691	237	0.41	0.74 [0.37-1.49]
Married	26	12	Reference	Reference
Cohabitating	27	14	0.81	1.12 [0.44-2.88]
Divorced/widowed	4	11	0.009	5.96 [1.6-22.6]
Place of residence before
Urban	508	195	0.32	1.17 [0.86-1.58]
Rural	240	79	Reference	Reference
Type of high school attended
Public high school	640	234	0.72	1.1 [0.67-1.68]
Private high school	89	30	Reference	Reference
Missionary high school	17	8	0.48	1.4 [0.55-3.56]
Others	2	2	0.28	2.97 [0.4-21.9]
Monthly pocket money (Ethiopian birr)
≤100	153	68	0.96	0.98 [0.56-1.74]
101-299	184	56	0.18	0.67 [0.38-1.2]
300-499	213	71	0.29	0.74 [0.42-1.3]
500-999	147	56	0.57	0.84 [0.47-1.5]
≥1000	51	23	Reference	Reference
Chewed Khat at least once during the last one month
Yes	157	84	0.001	1.6 [1.22-2.27]
No	591	190	Reference	Reference
Drunk alcohol at least once during the last one month
Yes	111	93	0.001	2.95 [2.14-4.1]
No	637	181	Reference	Reference
Currently smoke cigarettes
Yes	60	50	0.001	2.56 [1.71-3.83]
No	688	224	Reference	Reference
The used illicit substance at least once during the last one month
Yes	37	39	0.001	3.2 [1.98-5.12]
No	711	235	Reference	Reference

Another ethnicity (Sidama and Hadiya). Another type of high school (NGO, phase-based school).