Antenatal and Postpartum Depression: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors among Adolescents’ in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Table 5

Comparison of risk factors for participants who specifically had depression versus those who did not in the prenatal period ().

Variables	Had depression
	Not depressed; No. 111	Depressed; No. 21	value
Age	18.0 (17.0 - 19.0)	19.0 (18.0 - 19.0)	0.39
Number of people contributing to HH income	2.0 (1.0 - 3.0)	2.0 (2.0 - 2.0)	0.83
Highest education level			1.0
Primary	4 (3.6%)	1 (4.8%)
Junior	7 (6.3%)	1 (4.8%)
Secondary	100 (90.1%)	19 (90.5%)
Employed			1.0
No	107 (96.4%)	21 (100.0%)
Yes	4 (3.6%)	0 (0.0%)
Mother’s marital status			0.75
Single	45 (40.5%)	10 (47.6%)
Married	37 (33.3%)	7 (33.3%)
Other	29 (26.1%)	4 (19.0%)
Had abortion			1.0
No	89 (80.2%)	17 (81.0%)
Yes	22 (19.8%)	4 (19.0%)
Repeat pregnancies			0.80
No	74 (66.7%)	15 (71.4%)
Yes	37 (33.3%)	6 (28.6%)
HIV			1.0
No	87 (78.4%)	17 (81.0%)
Yes	24 (21.6%)	4 (19.0%)
Physical violence			0.036
No	106 (95.5%)	17 (81.0%)
Yes	5 (4.5%)	4 (19.0%)
Sexual abuse			1.0
No	104 (93.7%)	18 (85.7%)
Yes	7 (6.3%)	1 (4.8%)
Missing	0 (0.0%)	2 (9.5%)
Verbal abuse			0.007
No	100 (90.1%)	14 (66.7%)
Yes	10 (9.0%)	7 (33.3%)
Missing	1 (0.9%)	0 (0.0%)
Intimate partner violence			0.59
No	106 (95.5%)	20 (95.2%)
Yes	4 (3.6%)	1 (4.8%)
Missing	1 (0.9%)	0 (0.0%)
Partner support			0.095
None	5 (4.5%)	4 (19.0%)
Little	9 (8.1%)	2 (9.5%)
Reasonable	37 (33.3%)	7 (33.3%)
A lot	60 (54.1%)	8 (38.1%)