<i  >Objectives</i>. To estimate the prevalence of anxiety and depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in a population aged over sixty years with type 2 diabetes and to study the impact of anxiety and depression on glycemic balance and disease outcome. <i  >Results</i>. The prevalence of anxiety and depression in the 62 subjects included in the study was, respectively, 40.3&#x25; and 22.6&#x25;. We found a relationship between these disorders and complicated diabetes. The subjects having an imperfectly balanced diabetes had a higher average anxiety score than those having a good glycemic control (<svg     style="vertical-align:-0.3003pt;width:58.049999px;" id="M1" height="11.2875" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 58.049999 11.2875" width="58.049999"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,10.862)"><path id="x39" d="M244 635q90 0 143 -72t53 -177q0 -133 -65 -229.5t-171 -139.5q-79 -32 -140 -32l-5 30q109 18 185 91t101 186l-68 -36q-29 -16 -60 -16q-79 0 -129 51.5t-50 130.5q0 80 57 146.5t149 66.5zM228 602q-52 0 -78 -45.5t-26 -98.5q0 -69 36.5 -115.5t97.5 -46.5&#xA;q53 0 90 28q4 31 4 66q0 51 -9.5 95.5t-39 80.5t-75.5 36z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,8.222,10.862)"><path id="x2E" d="M113 -12q-24 0 -39.5 16t-15.5 42q0 24 16 40.5t40 16.5t40 -16.5t16 -40.5q0 -26 -16 -42t-41 -16z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,12.098,10.862)"><path id="x31" d="M384 0h-275v27q67 5 81.5 18.5t14.5 68.5v385q0 38 -7.5 47.5t-40.5 10.5l-48 2v24q85 15 178 52v-521q0 -55 14.5 -68.5t82.5 -18.5v-27z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,24.031,10.862)"><path id="xB1" d="M535 290h-212v-206h-58v206h-213v50h213v193h58v-193h212v-50zM535 -22h-483v50h483v-50z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,37.783,10.862)"><path id="x34" d="M456 178h-96v-72q0 -51 12.5 -62.5t72.5 -16.5v-27h-256v27q65 5 78 17t13 62v72h-260v28q182 271 300 426h40v-407h96v-47zM280 225v295h-2q-107 -148 -196 -295h198z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,45.942,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x2E"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,49.818,10.862)"><path id="x32" d="M412 140l28 -9q0 -2 -35 -131h-373v23q112 112 161 170q59 70 92 127t33 115q0 63 -31 98t-86 35q-75 0 -137 -93l-22 20l57 81q55 59 135 59q69 0 118.5 -46.5t49.5 -122.5q0 -62 -29.5 -114t-102.5 -130l-141 -149h186q42 0 58.5 10.5t38.5 56.5z" /></g>

		
	
</svg> versus <svg     style="vertical-align:-0.3003pt;width:58.049999px;" id="M2" height="11.4" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 58.049999 11.4" width="58.049999"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,10.963)"><path id="x36" d="M137 343l67 33q37 17 63 17q79 0 129.5 -53t50.5 -131q0 -92 -58 -156.5t-147 -64.5t-147 68t-58 182q0 63 17 119t43 95.5t61.5 72t69 52t67.5 31.5q62 22 128 33l6 -32q-56 -11 -108 -35q-149 -71 -184 -231zM227 337q-47 0 -95 -27q-6 -23 -6 -70q0 -93 36 -155.5&#xA;t96 -62.5q53 0 78 45.5t25 105.5q0 68 -35 116t-99 48z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,8.222,10.963)"><use xlink:href="#x2E"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,12.098,10.963)"><path id="x35" d="M153 550l-26 -186q79 31 111 31q90 0 141.5 -51t51.5 -119q0 -93 -89 -166q-85 -69 -173 -71q-32 0 -61.5 11.5t-41.5 23.5q-18 17 -17 34q2 16 22 33q14 9 26 -1q61 -50 124 -50q60 0 93 43.5t33 104.5q0 69 -41.5 110t-121.5 41q-53 0 -102 -20l38 305h286l6 -8&#xA;l-26 -65h-233z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,24.031,10.963)"><use xlink:href="#xB1"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,37.783,10.963)"><path id="x33" d="M285 378v-2q65 -13 102 -54.5t37 -97.5q0 -57 -30.5 -104.5t-74 -75t-85.5 -42t-72 -14.5q-31 0 -59.5 11t-40.5 23q-19 18 -16 36q1 16 23 33q13 10 24 0q58 -51 124 -51q55 0 88 40t33 112q0 64 -39 96.5t-88 32.5q-29 0 -64 -11l-6 29q77 25 118 57.5t41 84.5&#xA;q0 45 -26.5 69.5t-68.5 24.5q-67 0 -120 -79l-20 20l43 63q51 56 127 56h1q66 0 107 -37t41 -95q0 -42 -31 -71q-22 -23 -68 -54z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,45.942,10.963)"><use xlink:href="#x2E"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,49.818,10.963)"><use xlink:href="#x31"/></g>

		
	
</svg>; <svg     style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:66.875px;" id="M3" height="11.375" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 66.875 11.375" width="66.875"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"><path id="x1D443" d="M619 482q0 -69 -40.5 -119t-96 -72.5t-118.5 -26.5h-44l-70 20l-31 -151q-14 -67 0.5 -83t89.5 -22l-5 -28h-287l8 28q65 7 81.5 22t29.5 83l79 398q12 56 0.5 70.5t-78.5 20.5l7 28h255q108 0 164 -43t56 -125zM524 478q0 141 -146 141q-25 0 -47 -8q-16 -6 -20.5 -13.5&#xA;t-10.5 -39.5l-43 -241q37 -13 83 -13q67 0 125.5 45t58.5 129z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,15.582,11.112)"><path id="x3D" d="M535 323h-483v50h483v-50zM535 138h-483v50h483v-50z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,30.286,11.112)"><path id="x30" d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105&#xA;q0 -76 10 -138.5t37 -107.5t69 -45q32 0 55.5 25t35.5 68.5t17.5 91.5t5.5 105t-5.5 105.5t-18 92t-36 68t-56.5 24.5z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,38.446,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x2E"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,42.321,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,50.481,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x31"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,58.64,11.112)"><path id="x37" d="M447 623l8 -12l-283 -613l-74 -10l-7 11q174 283 297 551h-216q-48 0 -62.5 -12t-33.5 -63h-29q10 60 18 148h382z" /></g>

		
	
</svg>). No relationship was found between diabetes balance and depression. <i  >Conclusion</i>. Association between anxiety and depressive disorders and diabetes is frequent and worsens patients&#x2019; outcome, in terms of diabetes imbalance as well as in terms of diabetic complications. Our study shows that there is need for physicians to detect, confirm, and treat anxiety and depressive disorders in elderly diabetic patients.

Jawaher Masmoudi

Rahma Damak

Hela Zouari

Uta Ouali

Anouar Mechri

Nouri Zouari

Abdelaziz Jaoua

Prevalence and Impact of Anxiety and Depression on Type 2 Diabetes in Tunisian Patients over Sixty Years Old

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is characterized by several emotional disturbances. One possible but not well-examined disturbance is in attention to emotion, an important facet of emotional awareness. We examined whether attention to emotion predicted recovery from MDD. Fifty-three adults with current MDD completed a week of experience sampling (Time 1). At each prompt, participants reported attention to emotion, negative affect (NA), and positive affect (PA). Approximately one year later (Time 2), the depressive status of 27 participants was reassessed. Participants who had recovered from MDD (<svg     style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:36.237499px;" id="M1" height="11.125" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 36.237499 11.125" width="36.237499"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,10.862)"><path id="x1D45B" d="M495 86q-46 -47 -87 -72.5t-63 -25.5q-43 0 -16 107l49 210q7 34 8 50.5t-3 21t-13 4.5q-35 0 -109.5 -72.5t-115.5 -140.5q-21 -75 -38 -159q-50 -10 -76 -21l-6 8l84 340q8 35 -4 35q-17 0 -67 -46l-15 26q44 44 85.5 70.5t64.5 26.5q35 0 10 -103l-24 -98h2&#xA;q42 56 97 103.5t96 71.5q46 26 74 26q9 0 16 -2.5t14 -11.5t9.5 -24.5t-1 -44t-13.5 -68.5q-30 -117 -47 -200q-4 -19 -3.5 -25t6.5 -6q21 0 70 48z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,13.305,10.862)"><path id="x3D" d="M535 323h-483v50h483v-50zM535 138h-483v50h483v-50z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,28.008,10.862)"><path id="x38" d="M249 635q70 0 116 -43t46 -105q0 -46 -28 -80q-22 -25 -80 -64q62 -35 97 -75t35 -99q0 -81 -63 -131t-135 -50q-83 0 -137.5 45.5t-54.5 123.5q0 52 45 95q29 28 89 64q-109 62 -109 155q0 66 50.5 115t128.5 49zM238 603q-42 0 -67.5 -31t-25.5 -72q0 -50 32.5 -79.5&#xA;t98.5 -62.5q61 48 61 124q0 59 -29.5 90t-69.5 31zM248 20q46 0 76.5 33.5t30.5 89.5q0 50 -39 85.5t-110 71.5q-81 -54 -81 -137q0 -67 35.5 -105t87.5 -38z" /></g>

		
	
</svg>) indicated paying less attention to their emotions at Time 1 than did participants who had not fully recovered (<svg     style="vertical-align:-0.20474pt;width:44.400002px;" id="M2" height="11.175" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 44.400002 11.175" width="44.400002"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x1D45B"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,13.305,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x3D"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,28.008,10.862)"><path id="x31" d="M384 0h-275v27q67 5 81.5 18.5t14.5 68.5v385q0 38 -7.5 47.5t-40.5 10.5l-48 2v24q85 15 178 52v-521q0 -55 14.5 -68.5t82.5 -18.5v-27z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,36.168,10.862)"><path id="x39" d="M244 635q90 0 143 -72t53 -177q0 -133 -65 -229.5t-171 -139.5q-79 -32 -140 -32l-5 30q109 18 185 91t101 186l-68 -36q-29 -16 -60 -16q-79 0 -129 51.5t-50 130.5q0 80 57 146.5t149 66.5zM228 602q-52 0 -78 -45.5t-26 -98.5q0 -69 36.5 -115.5t97.5 -46.5&#xA;q53 0 90 28q4 31 4 66q0 51 -9.5 95.5t-39 80.5t-75.5 36z" /></g>

		
	
</svg>). Attention to emotion was better predictor of recovery than was severity of MDD, NA, or PA at Time 1. Levels of attention to emotion at Time 1 in participants who recovered from MDD did not differ significantly from the levels reported by 53 never-depressed individuals who had participated in the experience sampling. Findings indicate that high levels of an otherwise adaptive emotional facet can adversely affect the course of MDD.

Renee J. Thompson

Jutta Mata

Susanne M. Jaeggi

Martin Buschkuehl

John Jonides

Ian H. Gotlib

The Role of Attention to Emotion in Recovery from Major Depressive Disorder

This study is a retrospective chart review comparing rural-dwelling Caucasian and Hispanic outpatients&#x2019; attribution of depressive symptoms. Based on the data gathered at intake, Hispanics were more likely to attribute depression to  curse/spell and supernatural causes, while Caucasians were more likely to attribute symptoms to hereditary factors or job stress. Among both groups, higher CESD score was associated with problems with significant others or how they got along with others. Among Hispanics, depression severity was additionally associated with problems related to job or finances. Our findings point to a consequential role for clinical inquiry into attributed causes of depressive symptoms.

Ipsit V. Vahia

Alvaro Camacho

Colin A. Depp

Angelica Herrera

Wesley K. Thompson

Rodrigo Munoz

Dilip V. Jeste

Bernardo Ng

To What Factors Do Rural-Dwelling Hispanics Attribute Depressive Symptoms?

The objective of this study was to describe changes in depression and its correlates, in community-dwelling elderly, over a 12-month period. Data come from a longitudinal ESA Study (Enqu&#xea;te sur la Sant&#xe9; des A&#xee;n&#xe9;s) of elderly persons (<i>n</i> = 2752). Depression was measured using the DSM-IV criteria. Polytomous logistic regression was used to assess relations, over time, between participant&#x2019;s characteristics and depression. Among the 164 (5.9&#x25;) subjects, who were depressed at baseline, 19.5&#x25; were continuously ill cases and 80.4&#x25; had recovered, 12 months later. In polytomous regression, factors increasing the probability of the three depression states (persistence, recovery, and incidence) were daily hassles, stress intensity, and fair/poor self-rated mental health. Depression in old age is dynamic. Available prognostic factors can be taken into account to help direct treatment to elderly at highest risk of a poor prognosis.

Djemaa-Samia Mechakra-Tahiri

Micheline Dub&#xe9;

Maria Victoria Zunzunegui

Michel Pr&#xe9;ville

Djamal Berbiche

Jo&#xeb;lle Brassard

Pattern of Change of Depressive Disorder over a One-Year Period among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Qu&#xe9;bec

Complaints of poor sleep and symptoms of depression are likely to coexist in the spousally bereaved elderly. This study was concerned with the correlation between depressive symptoms and various measures of subjectively reported sleep using questionnaire and diary instruments in 38 bereaved seniors (60y+). Correlations between the sleep measures and <i>days since loss</i> and grief intensity were also calculated. All sleep disruption measures correlated significantly with depression score, but only sleep duration correlated with grief intensity, and no sleep measure correlated with <i>days since loss</i>. Therapies which address both sleep and depression are likely to be of benefit to bereaved seniors.

Timothy H. Monk

Marissa K. Pfoff

Joette R. Zarotney

Depression in the Spousally Bereaved Elderly: Correlations with Subjective Sleep Measures

Pleasurable sexual activity is an essential component of many human relationships, providing a sense of physical, psychological, and social well-being. Epidemiological and clinical studies show that depressive symptoms and depressive illness are associated with impairments in sexual function and satisfaction, both in untreated and treated patients. The findings of randomized placebo-controlled trials demonstrate that most of the currently available antidepressant drugs are associated with the development or worsening of sexual dysfunction, in a substantial proportion of patients. Sexual difficulties during antidepressant treatment often resolve as depression lifts but can endure over long periods and may reduce self-esteem and affect mood and relationships adversely. Sexual dysfunction during antidepressant treatment is typically associated with many possible causes, but the risk and type of dysfunction vary with differing compounds and should be considered when making decisions about the relative merits and drawbacks of differing antidepressants. A range of interventions can be considered when managing patients with sexual dysfunction associated with antidepressants, including the prescription of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, but none of these approaches can be considered &#x201c;ideal.&#x201d; As treatment-emergent sexual dysfunction is less frequent with certain drugs, presumably related to differences in their pharmacological properties, and because current management approaches are less than ideal, a reduced burden of treatment-emergent sexual dysfunction represents a tolerability target in the development of novel antidepressants.

David S. Baldwin

M. Carlotta Palazzo

Vasilios G. Masdrakis

Reduced Treatment-Emergent Sexual Dysfunction as a Potential Target in the Development of New Antidepressants

<i  >Objectives and Methods</i>. This was an observational study of the efficacy of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (STPP) in a sample of 35 (30 women and 5 men) patients with moderate-to-severe &#x201c;male depression&#x201d; (Gotland Scale for Male Depression (GSMD)&#x2009;&#x2265;&#x2009;13) comorbid with unipolar mood disorder (dysthymia and major depression) or anxiety disorder. Outcome measures were GSMD and BHS (Beck Hopelessness Scale) score changes from baseline. <i  >Results</i>. Patients had a strong response to STPP on the GSMD (estimated mean score change <svg     style="vertical-align:-2.3205pt;width:208.3125px;" id="M1" height="15.0875" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 208.3125 15.0875" width="208.3125"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
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xlink:href="#x2E"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,191.927,12.138)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,200.087,12.138)"><path id="x31" d="M384 0h-275v27q67 5 81.5 18.5t14.5 68.5v385q0 38 -7.5 47.5t-40.5 10.5l-48 2v24q85 15 178 52v-521q0 -55 14.5 -68.5t82.5 -18.5v-27z" /></g>

		
	
</svg>; partial eta squared&#x2009;&#x2009;<svg     style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:43.174999px;" id="M2" height="11.125" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 43.174999 11.125" width="43.174999"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x3D"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,14.749,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,22.909,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x2E"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,26.785,10.862)"><path id="x35" d="M153 550l-26 -186q79 31 111 31q90 0 141.5 -51t51.5 -119q0 -93 -89 -166q-85 -69 -173 -71q-32 0 -61.5 11.5t-41.5 23.5q-18 17 -17 34q2 16 22 33q14 9 26 -1q61 -50 124 -50q60 0 93 43.5t33 104.5q0 69 -41.5 110t-121.5 41q-53 0 -102 -20l38 305h286l6 -8&#xA;l-26 -65h-233z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,34.944,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g>

		
	
</svg>), but not on the BHS (estimated mean score change <svg     style="vertical-align:-2.3205pt;width:208.3125px;" id="M3" height="15.0875" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 208.3125 15.0875" width="208.3125"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.138)"><use xlink:href="#x28"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,5.944,12.138)"><use xlink:href="#xB1"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,15.922,12.138)"><use xlink:href="#x53"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,23.776,12.138)"><use xlink:href="#x45"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,33.431,12.138)"><use xlink:href="#x29"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,44.021,12.138)"><use xlink:href="#x3D"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,58.725,12.138)"><use xlink:href="#x2212"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,68.703,12.138)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,76.863,12.138)"><use xlink:href="#x2E"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,80.739,12.138)"><use xlink:href="#x39"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,88.898,12.138)"><use xlink:href="#x32"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,100.831,12.138)"><use xlink:href="#xB1"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,114.583,12.138)"><use xlink:href="#x31"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,122.742,12.138)"><use xlink:href="#x2E"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,126.618,12.138)"><use xlink:href="#x35"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,134.778,12.138)"><use xlink:href="#x35"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,142.937,12.138)"><use xlink:href="#x3B"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,149.652,12.138)"><use xlink:href="#x1D443"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,165.188,12.138)"><use xlink:href="#x3D"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,179.892,12.138)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,188.052,12.138)"><use xlink:href="#x2E"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,191.927,12.138)"><use xlink:href="#x35"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,200.087,12.138)"><use xlink:href="#x37"/></g>

		
	
</svg>; partial eta squared &#x2009;<svg     style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:43.174999px;" id="M4" height="11.125" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 43.174999 11.125" width="43.174999"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x3D"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,14.749,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,22.909,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x2E"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,26.785,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,34.944,10.862)"><path id="x33" d="M285 378v-2q65 -13 102 -54.5t37 -97.5q0 -57 -30.5 -104.5t-74 -75t-85.5 -42t-72 -14.5q-31 0 -59.5 11t-40.5 23q-19 18 -16 36q1 16 23 33q13 10 24 0q58 -51 124 -51q55 0 88 40t33 112q0 64 -39 96.5t-88 32.5q-29 0 -64 -11l-6 29q77 25 118 57.5t41 84.5&#xA;q0 45 -26.5 69.5t-68.5 24.5q-67 0 -120 -79l-20 20l43 63q51 56 127 56h1q66 0 107 -37t41 -95q0 -42 -31 -71q-22 -23 -68 -54z" /></g>

		
	
</svg>). BHS score changes were significantly associated with GSMD score changes (Pearson's <svg     style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:55.075001px;" id="M5" height="11.225" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 55.075001 11.225" width="55.075001"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,10.963)"><path id="x1D45F" d="M393 379q-9 -16 -28 -29q-15 -10 -23 -2q-19 19 -36 19q-21 0 -52 -38q-57 -72 -82 -126l-40 -197q-23 -3 -75 -18l-7 7q49 196 74 335q7 43 -2 43q-7 0 -30 -14.5t-47 -37.5l-16 23q37 42 82 73t67 31q41 0 15 -113l-11 -50h4q41 71 85 117t77 46q29 0 45 -26&#xA;q13 -21 0 -43z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,11.945,10.963)"><use xlink:href="#x3D"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,26.649,10.963)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,34.808,10.963)"><use xlink:href="#x2E"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,38.684,10.963)"><use xlink:href="#x35"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,46.843,10.963)"><path id="x36" d="M137 343l67 33q37 17 63 17q79 0 129.5 -53t50.5 -131q0 -92 -58 -156.5t-147 -64.5t-147 68t-58 182q0 63 17 119t43 95.5t61.5 72t69 52t67.5 31.5q62 22 128 33l6 -32q-56 -11 -108 -35q-149 -71 -184 -231zM227 337q-47 0 -95 -27q-6 -23 -6 -70q0 -93 36 -155.5&#xA;t96 -62.5q53 0 78 45.5t25 105.5q0 68 -35 116t-99 48z" /></g>

		
	
</svg>; <svg     style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:66.875px;" id="M6" height="11.375" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 66.875 11.375" width="66.875"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x1D443"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,15.582,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x3C"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,30.286,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,38.446,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x2E"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,42.321,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,50.481,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,58.64,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x31"/></g>

		
	
</svg>), even when controlling for the severity of hopelessness at the baseline (partial <svg     style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:55.075001px;" id="M7" height="11.225" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 55.075001 11.225" width="55.075001"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,10.963)"><use xlink:href="#x1D45F"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,11.945,10.963)"><use xlink:href="#x3D"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,26.649,10.963)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,34.808,10.963)"><use xlink:href="#x2E"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,38.684,10.963)"><use xlink:href="#x36"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,46.843,10.963)"><use xlink:href="#x32"/></g>

		
	
</svg>; <svg     style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:66.875px;" id="M8" height="11.375" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 66.875 11.375" width="66.875"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x1D443"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,15.582,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x3C"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,30.286,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,38.446,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x2E"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,42.321,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,50.481,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,58.64,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x31"/></g>

		
	
</svg>). <i  >Conclusions</i>. STPP proved to be effective in patients suffering  from &#x201c;male depression&#x201d; although hopelessness was only marginally reduced by this treatment which points to the need to better understand how STPP can be involved in the reduction of suicide risk.

Gloria Angeletti

Maurizio Pompili

Marco Innamorati

Chiara Santucci

Valeria Savoja

Mark Goldblatt

Paolo Girardi

Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy in Patients with &#x201c;Male Depression&#x201d; Syndrome, Hopelessness, and Suicide Risk: A Pilot Study

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<p><em>Depression Research and Treatment </em>publishes original research articles and review articles related to all aspects of depression</p>


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Depression Research and Treatment publishes original research articles and review articles related to all aspects of depression

Depression Research and Treatment