Cognitive Radio Spectrum Sensing-Based QAM Technique Using Blockchain

Algorithm 1

Creation of blockchain for CR users.

1. Input: A group of N primary nodes.

2. The blockchain consists of one primary node, P, and one secondary user node, N-1, from S₁ to S_k-1.

3. Output: Blocks are formed on various nodes of the cognitive network.

4. for i = 1 to N

5. If a PU is discovered

6. Assign it as the primary node. Find the signal strength; control is transferred to step 13.

7. else if

8. If a SU is discovered

9. Assign it as a secondary node. Find the signal strength; control is transferred to step 13.

10. else

11. Assign it as a malicious node, and control is transferred to step 2.

12. end if, end if.

13. If SNR is high,

14. The shadowing effect is calculated.

15. Otherwise, the fading effect is calculated.

17. end if, end for, plotting