Cognitive Radio Spectrum Sensing-Based QAM Technique Using Blockchain

Algorithm 2

Modified energy detection with M-ary QAM system.

1. Initialize sampling m = 6, N = 2 m

2. Avg_SNR ≥5 dB

3. for i = 1 to P_f

4. for MC 2000 (Monte Carlo Iteration Modified)

5. M=64,QAM signal

6. AWGN Random Noise

7. Received signal energy compared with λ

8. if Energy of the received signal ≥ λ(i)

9. Present; Primary user

10. Else

11. Absent; Primary user

12. End if; End for

13. Pd = Marcum q function

14. For all energy of the received signal ≥ λ(i)

15. ++ Primary user

16. End for; Plotting