The Characteristics of COVID-19 Symptoms and Skin Manifestations among Nonhospitalized COVID-19 Patients with Psoriasis during the Omicron Pandemic in China: A Single-Center Survey-Based Study

Table 1

The baseline characteristics of the participants.

Variables	Total (n = 240)	BIO (n = 138)	NBT (n = 52)	TT (n = 50)	value
Age, years, mean (SD)	40.08 (12.30)	43.06 (12.51)	38.48 (11.81)	37.00 (11.01)	0.012
Gender, M, counts (%)	148 (61.67)	86 (62.32)	33 (63.46)	29 (58.00)	0.83
BMI^†, mean (SD)	23.47 (3.60)	23.91 (3.91)	23.43 (3.16)	22.3 (2.85)	0.088
BMI < 23, counts (%)	125 (52.08)	77 (55.80)	27 (51.92)	21 (42.00)	0.25
BMI ≥ 23, counts (%)	115 (47.92)	61 (44.20)	25 (48.08)	29 (58.00)
Smoking
Current smokers and ex-smokers, counts (%)	91 (37.92)	55 (39.86)	17 (32.69)	19 (38.00)	0.66
Never smoke, counts (%)	149 (62.08)	83 (60.14)	35 (67.31)	31 (62.00)
Comorbidities
Hypertension, counts (%)	25 (10.42)	22 (15.94)	3 (5.77)	0 (0.00)	0.003
Diabetes, counts (%)	11 (4.58)	7 (5.07)	1 (1.92)	3 (6.00)	0.53
Hyperlipidemia, counts (%)	11 (4.58)	8 (5.80)	0 (0.00)	3 (6.00)	0.22
COPD, counts (%)	6 (2.50)	3 (2.17)	1 (1.92)	2 (3.85)	0.74
CVD, counts (%)	6 (2.50)	5 (3.62)	1 (1.92)	0 (0.00)	0.63
CKD, counts (%)	2 (0.83)	1 (0.72)	1 (1.92)	0 (0.00)	0.67
Other IMDs, counts (%)	9 (3.75)	6 (4.35)	1 (1.92)	2 (3.85)	0.81
The doses of COVID-19 vaccination
Completed vaccination, counts (%)	199 (82.92)	105 (76.09)	48 (92.31)	46 (92.00)	0.005
Not completed, counts (%)	41 (17.08)	33 (23.91)	4 (7.69)	4 (8.00)
Therapy
BIO, counts (%)
ADA^‡, counts (%)	—	14 (10.15)	—	—	—
SEC, counts (%)	—	65 (47.10)	—	—	—
IXE, counts (%)	—	22 (15.94)	—	—	—
UST, counts (%)	—	37 (26.81)	-COVID	—	—
NBT, counts (%)
MTX, counts (%)	—	—	26 (50.00)	—	—
Acitretin, counts (%)	—	—	5 (9.61)	—	—
TCM, counts (%)	—	—	19 (36.54)	—	—
Phototherapy, counts (%)	—	—	2 (3.85)	—	—
COVID status, counts (%)
Confirmed cases, counts (%)	168 (70.00)	92 (66.67)	36 (69.23)	40 (80.00)	0.21
Probable cases, counts (%)	39 (16.25)	27 (19.56)	7 (13.46)	5 (10.00)	0.24
Suspected cases, counts (%)	33 (13.75)	19 (13.77)	9 (17.31)	5 (10.00)	0.56

Continuous variables are performed as the mean (SD) and categorical variables, as count (%). Accurate statistics are chosen for the data, including one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Kruskal–Wallis test, and Pearson’s test (or Fisher’s exact test). A P value <0.05 is considered significant and marked into bold. ^†According to the recommendation of Asians’ BMI classification, overweight is defined as 23 ≤ BMI < 27.5 and general obesity is defined as 27.5 ≤ BMI < 32.5 and the patients were stratified as BMI < 23 and BMI ≥ 23. ^‡The subgroup of ADA contains the original adalimumab and its biosimilars. Abbreviations: ADA: adalimumab, BMI: body mass index, BIO: biologics, CKD: chronic kidney disease, COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CVD: cardiovascular disease, IXE: ixekizumab, M: male, NBT: nonbiological treatment. MTX: methotrexate, SEC: secukinumab, TCM: traditional Chinese medicine, TNF: tumor necrosis factor, TT: topical treatment or without pharmacological therapy, and UST: ustekinumab.