Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis of Heparin-Induced Bullous Hemorrhagic Dermatosis

Table 3

Clinical features of 72 patients with HBHD.

Parameters		Result
Symptoms (5)^a	Pruritus	3 (4.2%)
	Pain	2 (2.8%)
Size (24)^a	Mm	1–70
Location of lesions (71)^a	Extremities	57 (79.2%)
	Hands	19 (26.4%)
	Abdomen	12 (16.7%)
	Trunk	10 (13.9%)
	Ankles	9 (12.5%)
	Feet	9 (12.5%)
	Back	3 (4.2%)
	Face	2 (2.8%)
	Groin	2 (2.8%)
	Chest	2 (2.8%)
	Neck	1 (1.4%)
	Scalp	1 (1.4%)
	Oral mucosa	1 (1.4%)
Laboratory test
Platelet count (56)^a	Normal	50 (69.4%)
	Slight thrombocytopenia	6 (8.3%)
Coagulation parameters (53)^a	Normal	39 (54.2%)
	Prolonged APTT	8 (11.1%)
	Elevated prothrombin time	4 (5.6%)
	Decreased prothrombin time	3 (4.2%)
	Elevated fibrinogen level	2 (2.8%)
INR (24)^a	Normal	22 (30.6%)
	Elevated	2 (2.8%)
H-PF4 (7)^a	Negative	6 (8.3%)
	Positive	1 (1.4%)
Anti-Xa (4)^a	Normal	2 (2.8%)
	Slightly elevated	2 (2.8%)
Histopathology (57) ^a
Level of split	Intraepidermal	34 (47.2%)
	Subcorneal	10 (13.9%)
	Subepidermal	9 (12.5%)
	Intraepidermal/subepidermal	1 (1.4%)
	Intracorneal	1 (1.4%)
	Intradermal	1 (1.4%)
	Fibrinoid necrosis	1 (1.4%)
Inflammatory infiltrate (20)^a	Lymphocytic	11 (15.3%)
	Neutrophil and eosinophils	3 (4.2%)
	Eosinophils	2 (2.8%)
	Neutrophils	2 (2.8%)
	Lymphocytic and eosinophilic	1 (1.4%)
	Monocyte	1 (1.4%)
DIF (19)^a	Negative	18 (25.0%)
	C3 deposition of dermoepidermal junction	1 (1.4%)

APPT, activated partial thromboplastin time; DIF: direct immunofluorescence; H-PF4, heparin-platelet factor 4; INR, international normalized ratio. ^aRepresents the number of patients out of 72 for whom information regarding this particular parameter was provided.