Hesperetin, a Selective Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor, Effectively Suppresses Ovalbumin-Induced Airway Hyperresponsiveness without Influencing Xylazine/Ketamine-Induced Anesthesia

Figure 3

Effects of hesperetin (10 ~ 100 μmol/kg, i.p.) on the enhanced pause (𝑃_enh) (a), inflammatory cells (b), and cytokines (c) in sensitized mice which received aerosolized methacholine (6.25 ~ 50 mg/mL) 2 days after primary allergen challenge. ^#𝑃<0.05, ^##𝑃<0.01, and ^###𝑃<0.001, compared to the nonchallenged group. *𝑃<0.05, **𝑃<0.01, and ***𝑃<0.001, compared to the control (vehicle) group. The number of mice in each group was 10. Total: total cells; Mac: macrophages; Lym: lymphocytes; Neu: neutrophils; Eos: eosinophils; IL: interleukin; IFN: interferon; TNF: tumor necrosis factor.

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