Lipid-Regulating Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Mechanisms of Actions

Table 1

The regulation of some vital targets related to lipid metabolism by TCM.

Herb/ingredients	Ch absorption	Ch transport (LDLR, …)	Lipid catabolism (HL, LPL)	Ch synthesis (HMG-CoA R)	BA synthesis (CYP7A1)	Others	Reference
Ananas comosus leaves			LPL(+)	(−)			[35]
Astragalus, Angelica/ferulic acid				(−)			[5, 14]
Alpinia officinarum/3-Methylethergalangin			Pancreatic L(−)				[34]
Artichoke/cynaroside, luteolin				(−)			[15]
Cassia protein	(−)						[6]
Coptis/berberine		(+)	LPL(+)	(−)			[32, 36–38]
Danshen/dihydrotanshinone 1, salvianolic acid, danshensu	(+)	LDLR(+), CEPT(−)		(−)	(+)	ABCA4/11(+)	[39–41]
FTZ		(+)	HL(+), LPL(+)	(−)	(+)		[32]
Fenugreek (TEFS)		(+)					[42]
Fleece-flower root/anthraquinones, Lecithin,	(−)	(+)			(+)	ACAT(−)	[5]
Garlic						MTP(−)	[12]
Ginseng			LPL(+)				[28]
Green tea/catechol, saponin	(−)					FAS(−)	[17, 18]
Gynostemma pentaphyllum/gypenoside				(−)			[43]
Hawthorn/hawthorn-flavone		ACAT(−)	LPL(+)	(−)	(+)	ACAT(−)	[24]
Resin of the guggul tree/guggulsterone				(−)	(+)		[44]
Hawthorn, ligustrum lucidum/oleanolic acid				(−)		ACAT(−)	[11, 51]
Notoginseng/saponin						FAS(−)	[16]
Pectin				(+)	(+)		[46]
Pleurotus eryngii	(−)		Pancreatic L(−)				[33]
Plantago ovata		CEPT(−)		(+)	(+)	LACT(−)	[48]
Psyllium		CEPT(−)		(+)	(+)	ApoB/LCAT(−)	[47]
Red yeast/xuezhikang		(+)	LPL(+)	(−)			[27]
Tribulus terrestris/saponins			HL(+), LPL(+)				[31]
Turmeric/curcumin			LPL(+)				[25, 26]