What Is the de-qi-Related Pattern of BOLD Responses? A Review of Acupuncture Studies in fMRI

Table 2

de-qi-related BOLD responses evoked by acupuncture stimulation.

Regions	(Reference no.)
	Activations	Deactivations
Somatosensory system
SI	[32, 34, 40, 54, 79, 84]	[79, 82]
SII	[32–34, 54, 55, 79, 85]
Thalamus	[32, 34, 40, 80, 83–85]	[33]
Caudate	[80]	[33, 54]
Putamen	[34, 40, 80]	[54]
Brainstem	[33]	[33, 34]
Motor system
M1	[40, 78, 78, 80, 83]	[33]
Cerebellum	[40, 79–81, 83, 84]	[33, 55, 82]
SMA	[32, 85]
Sensory integration system
Insula	[32, 34, 40, 79, 81–85]	[33, 54]
ACC		[33, 54, 55, 85]
Special senses
IFG	[40, 83]
STG	[40, 83, 84]
MTG
Frontal cortex
vmPFC	[82]	[33, 34, 85]
Frontal Pole	[34]	[32, 33, 55]
Superior frontal gyrus	[80]	[79]
Medial orbital prefrontal cortex		[79]
Medial frontal gyrus		[79]
Ventromedial frontal pole		[34]
Dorsomedial frontal pole		[32, 34]
DLPFC/VLPFC	[34]
DMPFC	[34]
OFC/MPFC	[34]	[82]
Paracentral lobule	[33]	[79]
Pregenual cingulate cortex		[82]
Subcortical gray matter
N. accumbens/septi		[33, 54]
Amygdala	[81]	[32–34, 54, 55, 82]
Hippocampus	[84]	[32, 33, 54, 55, 82]
Parahippocampus	[34]	[32, 33, 54, 55, 79, 82]
Hypothalamus	[79, 84]	[33, 54, 55, 79]
Ventral tegmental area		[54]
Retrosplenial cortex		[33]
Lentiform nucleus	[80]
Claustrum	[40, 80, 83]
PAG	[81, 84, 85]
Nucleus raphe	[34]
Midbrain	[83]
Temporal/parietal cortex
Temporal pole		[32, 33, 54, 55, 82]
Inferior parietal lobe	[34, 40, 79–81, 83]	[33]
Precuneus	[83]	[32, 82]
Middle temporal gyrus	[84]	[79]
Superior parietal lobule	[78, 83, 84]	[79]
Transverse temporal gyrus	[40, 84]
Occipital cortex
Lingual gyrus		[79]
Cuneus		[32]
Occipital gyrus		[81]
Retrosplenial cortex		[32]
Angular gyrus		[82]
Fusiform gyrus	[84]
Middle occipital gyrus	[84]
Cingulate gyrus
PCC	[82]	[32, 33, 55, 82]
pMCC	[34]	[33]
Subgenual cingulate	[82]	[34]
aMCC	[32, 34, 40, 83]