The Pattern Element Scale: A Brief Tool of Traditional Medical Subtyping for Dementia

Table 6

Number	Pattern element	Clinical feature item	Weight score
		Limp and aching lumbar	5
		Urinary incontinence	5
		Deafness	4
1	Kidney deficiency	Sexual hypoactivity	4
		Frequent micturition with clear urine	3
		Dizziness and tinnitus	2
		Thready and weak pulse	1
	Total		24
		Decrease of diet and anorexia/reduced appetite	4.5
		Involuntary drooling	4
		Sloppy stool	3.5
2	Spleen deficiency	Weakness of four extremities	3
		Decrease of diet and abdominal distension	3
		Pale tongue with indentation on margin	3
		Slow pulse	2
	Total		23
		Shortage of breath and disinclination of talking	5
		Spontaneous perspiration	5
		Palpitation	4
3	Qi deficiency	Hypodynamia	3
		White and lusterless complexion	3
		Hyperarousal and timidity	2
		Thready pulse	2
	Total		24
		Sallow complexion	5
		Pale tongue and lip	4
		Dizziness	3.5
4	Blood deficiency	Palpitation	3
		Ennui and hypodynamia	2
		Numbness of extremities	2
		Thready pulse	2
	Total		21.5
		Red and dry tongue	5
		Thin tongue fur	4.5
		Dry eyes	4.5
5	Yin deficiency	Emaciation	4.5
		Thready and rapid pulse	3
		Dry stool	3
		Night sweat	3
	Total		27.5
		Chilly	5
		Cold limbs	4
		Diarrhea almost every morning around three to five o’clock	4.5
6	Yang deficiency	Difficulty in micturition	3.5
		Blue and purple lip or nail	3
		Pale tongue with watery tongue fur	3
		Weak and sunken pulse	2
	Total		25
		Dysbasia	5.5
		Drumble/bradyphagia	5
		Aching limbs and tibia	5
7	Marrow deficiency	Loss of tooth/teeth	4.5
		Thin pale tongue	3.5
		Dry and withered hair	3.5
		Somnolence	2
	Total		29
		Irritable mood and irascibility	5.5
		Dizziness and vertigo	5
		Tremoring tongue	4.5
8	Yang hyperactivity	Subsultus tendinum or jumping of muscle	4
		Tinnitus with a loud wavelike sound	4
		Headache	4
		Wiry pulse/stringy pulse	3
	Total		30
		Halitosis	5
		Yellow tongue fur	5
		Red complexion	4
9	Endogenous heat	Red tongue	4
		Constipation with dry stool	2.5
		Bitter taste in mouth	2
		Rapid pulse	2
	Total		24.5
		Excessive phlegm	5
		Greasy and turbid tongue fur	3
		Enlarged tongue	2.5
10	Phlegm muddiness	Nausea	3
		Distension and fullness in chest and stomach	3
		Slippery pulse	3
		Dizziness and demented/madness	2
	Total		21.5
		Petechia in tongue	6
		Dark purple tongue	5
		Absurd and bizarre thoughts	4
11	Blood stasis	Dark purple lip	3.5
		Grayish complexion	3.5
		Stabbing pain or oppressive pain	3
		Rough pulse	2
	Total		27