A Taiwanese Propolis Derivative Induces Apoptosis through Inducing Endoplasmic Reticular Stress and Activating Transcription Factor-3 in Human Hepatoma Cells
Figure 5
The propolis derivative, GS-002, induced ATF-3 expression in human hepatoma cells. (a) Hep3B cells were treated with various concentrations of GS-002 or PPG for 12 h (right panels), or with 10 μg/mL GS-002 or 5 μg/mL PPG for the indicated time periods (left panels), and total RNA was used to detect ATF-3 mRNA levels by an RT-PCR. (b) Hep3B cells were treated with various concentrations of GS-002 for 12 h (right panels) or with 10 μg/mL GS-002 for the indicated time periods (left panels), and total cell lysates were used to detect ATF-3 protein levels by Western blotting. (c) Hep3B cells were transfected with 0.35 μg of the ATF-Luc-1850 reporter plasmid and 0.15 μg phRL-TK for 24 h and then treated with various concentrations of GS-002 for another 24 h. Total cell lysates were used to detect the luciferase activity as described in Section 2.
