Redox Mechanisms of AVS022, an Oriental Polyherbal Formula, and Its Component Herbs in Protection against Induction of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 in UVA-Irradiated Keratinocyte HaCaT Cells

Figure 4

Inhibition of UVA-induced cellular ROS formation in HaCaT cells by the whole formula (a) and individual component herbs (b) of AVS022 and GA (c). The fluorescent DCF as an indicator of ROS formation was measured at 485 nm excitation and 530 nm emission as described in Section 2. Data were represented as a percentage of control (100%, nonirradiated and nontreated cells) using a microplate reader. The statistical significance of differences between the control and irradiated cells was determined by Student’s 𝑡-test and between UVA-irradiated and herb extracts- or GA-treated cells by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test. ^###𝑃<0.001 compared with irradiated cells. *𝑃<0.05; **𝑃<0.01; ***𝑃<0.001 compared with nontreated cells exposed to UVA.