Research Article
The In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Lavandula angustifolia Essential Oil in Combination with Other Aroma-Therapeutic Oils
Table 3
The antimicrobial effects of the essential oils studied individually and in combination with L. angustifolia essential oil.
| | Essential oil | Oils examined individually | 1 : 1 Combinations | | C. albicans | S. aureus | P. aeruginosa | C. albicans | S. aureus | P. aeruginosa | | (ATCC 10231) | (ATCC 6538) | (ATCC 27858) | (ATCC 10231) | (ATCC 6538) | (ATCC 27858) | | MIC | MIC | MIC | MIC | ΣFIC | MIC | ΣFIC | MIC | ΣFIC |
| | Abies balsamea | 2.00 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 1.50 | 0.63 | 6.00 | 2.50 | 1.00 | 0.52 | | Andropogon muricatus | 1.75 | 0.75 | 1.50 | 1.00 | 0.45 | 1.00 | 0.92 | 2.00 | 1.02 | | Angelica archangelica (seed) | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 0.83 | 4.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 0.75 | | Angelica archangelica (root) | 2.00 | 1.75 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 0.42 | 2.00 | 1.07 | 1.00 | 0.67 | | Anthemis nobilis | 3.00 | 16.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 0.33 | 3.00 | 0.84 | 1.00 | 0.54 | | Artemisia dracunculus | 2.00 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 0.42 | 4.00 | 1.67 | 1.00 | 0.51 | | Canarium luzonicum | 3.00 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 0.75 | 0.25 | 8.00 | 3.33 | 1.00 | 0.53 | | Cananga odorata (heads) | 2.00 | 4.00 | 1.50 | 2.00 | 0.83 | 3.00 | 1.13 | 2.00 | 1.02 | | Cananga odorata | 2.00 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 1.25 | 3.00 | 1.50 | 2.00 | 1.02 | | Carum carvi | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 0.42 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.56 | | Cinnamomum zeylanicum | 2.00 | 2.00 | 1.50 | 1.00 | 0.40 | 1.00 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 0.53 | | Citrus aurantium | 2.00 | 4.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 0.42 | 3.00 | 1.13 | 1.00 | 0.51 | | Citrus grandis | 2.00 | 3.00 | 1.50 | 1.00 | 0.42 | 4.00 | 1.67 | 1.00 | 0.52 | | Citrus medica limonum | 2.00 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 0.42 | 6.00 | 2.50 | 1.00 | 0.52 | | Citrus sinensis | 2.00 | 4.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 0.42 | 1.00 | 0.38 | 1.00 | 0.51 | | Commiphora myrrha | 4.00 | 2.00 | 4.00 | 1.00 | 0.29 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 1.03 | | Cupressus sempervirens | 4.00 | 12.00 | 2.00 | 0.50 | 0.15 | 2.00 | 0.58 | 1.00 | 0.53 | | Cymbopogon citratus | 2.00 | 1.67 | 1.50 | 0.50 | 6.67 | 1.00 | 0.55 | 1.00 | 0.52 | | Cymbopogon nardus | 0.75 | 4.00 | 1.50 | 0.75 | 0.42 | 2.00 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 0.53 | | Daucus carota | 3.00 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 1.50 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 0.56 | | Eucalyptus globulus | 1.50 | 4.00 | 3.00 | 0.75 | 0.38 | 4.00 | 1.50 | 1.00 | 0.53 | | Foeniculum dulce | 2.00 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 1.00 | 0.45 | 4.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 0.52 | | Hyssopus officinalis | 1.00 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 0.50 | 0.33 | 4.00 | 1.67 | 1.00 | 0.52 | | Juniperus virginiana | 1.50 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 0.55 | | Juniperus virginiana (berries) | 2.00 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 0.50 | 0.21 | 3.00 | 1.25 | 1.00 | 0.52 | | Laurus nobilis | 0.75 | 0.83 | 2.67 | 1.00 | 0.83 | 2.00 | 1.70 | 1.00 | 0.60 | | Litsea cubeba | 6.00 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 0.75 | 0.19 | 2.00 | 1.17 | 1.00 | 0.52 | | Matricaria chamomilla | 0.50 | 1.50 | 4.00 | 1.00 | 1.17 | 2.00 | 1.17 | 1.00 | 0.54 | | Melaleuca viridiflora | 1.75 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 0.90 | 4.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 0.51 | | Melaleuca alternifolia | 1.50 | 8.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 0.50 | 2.00 | 0.63 | 1.00 | 0.51 | | Mentha piperita | 2.00 | 4.00 | 2.00 | 1.50 | 0.63 | 2.00 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 0.51 | | Myrtus communis | 1.50 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 0.50 | 2.00 | 4.00 | 1.00 | 0.51 | | Ocimum basilicum | 1.00 | 1.50 | 2.67 | 1.00 | 0.67 | 1.00 | 0.58 | 1.00 | 0.63 | | Origanum majorana | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 0.42 | 2.00 | 4.00 | 1.00 | 0.52 | | Pelargonium odoratissimum | 0.75 | 1.50 | 2.00 | 1.25 | 1.04 | 2.00 | 1.17 | 1.00 | 0.52 | | Pinus sylvestris | 1.50 | 4.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 0.50 | 2.00 | 0.75 | 2.00 | 1.00 | | Piper nigrum | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 0.42 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.57 | | Pogostemon patchouli | 1.50 | 1.50 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 0.50 | 2.00 | 1.17 | 1.00 | 0.51 | | Rosmarinus officinalis | 2.00 | 4.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 0.42 | 2.00 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 0.51 | | Salvia sclarea | 0.88 | 2.00 | 3.50 | 1.00 | 0.73 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.51 | | Santalum album | 2.00 | 0.25 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 0.42 | 1.00 | 2.25 | 1.00 | 0.51 | | Styrax benzoin | 2.00 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 1.00 | 0.42 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.58 | | Syzygium aromaticum | 0.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 0.50 | 0.58 | 2.00 | 1.17 | 1.00 | 0.53 | | Tagetes patula | 2.00 | 4.00 | 1.50 | 1.00 | 0.42 | 2.00 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 0.51 | | Thymus vulgaris | 1.00 | 3.33 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 0.67 | 1.00 | 0.40 | 1.00 | 0.51 |
| | Ciprofloxacin control | NR* | | | NR* | | | | Amphotericin B control | | NR* | NR* | | NR* | NR* |
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*NR indicates not relevant; bold indicates synergy; MIC given in mg/mL.
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