Andrographis paniculata Extract and Andrographolide Modulate the Hepatic Drug Metabolism System and Plasma Tolbutamide Concentrations in Rats

Table 3

Effects of ethanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata (APE) and andrographolide (AND) on hepatic CYP450 and Phase II enzyme activities.

	Control	APE	AND
Cytochrome P450 content (pmol/mg protein)	486±106^a	680±71^b	674±64^b
Cytochrome b5 content (pmol/mg protein)	220±62	289±117	327±79
NADPH-CYP450 reductase (𝜇mol/min/mg protein)	45.4±3.1	56.2±17.6	50.6±7.1
Cytochrome P450s
Ethoxyresorufin 𝑂-deethylase (1A1)	22.1±6.7^a	66.6±25.3^b	66.6±13.5^b
Methoxyresorufin 𝑂-demethylase (1A2)	13.0±2.2^a	23.8±4.5^b	25.6±7.2^b
Diclofenac 4-hydroxylase (2C)	15.0±4.1^a	45.1±13.0^b	43.8±10.5^b
Dextromethorphan 𝑂-deethylase (2D)	56.8±12.7	85.3±23.0	79.1±30.4
p-Nitrophenol 6-hydroxylase (2E1)	47.2±10.4^a	88.9±29.9^b	91.1±13.0^b
Testosterone 6β-hydroxylase (3A)	513±188^a	831±243^b	1195±284^b
Midazolam 1-hydroxylase (3A)	233±55^a	343±43^b	320±84^ab
Lauric acid 12-hydroxylase (4A)	139±27	162±86	214±88
Phase II enzymes
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase	11.8±3.9^a	35.6±12.5^b	21.1±6.5^a
Glutathione 𝑆-transferase	627±65	744±142	634±62

Rats were orally dosed daily with 2 g/kg of APE or 50 mg/kg of AND for 5 days. The activities of CYP isozymes and Phase II enzymes are expressed as pmol/min/mg protein and nmol/min/mg protein, respectively. The values represent the mean ± SD, 𝑛=5. The significance of the difference among group means was determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. ^abValues of treatments not sharing the same letter differ significantly, 𝑃<0.05.