Supplementation with the Extract of Schisandrae Fructus Pulp, Seed, or Their Combination Influences the Metabolism of Lipids and Glucose in Mice Fed with Normal and Hypercholesterolemic Diet

Table 1

Effects of EtSF supplementation on serum lipid profiles in normal and HCL mice.

Groups	Drug (%)	TC (mmol/L)	TG (mmol/L)	HDL (mmol/L)	LDL (mmol/L)	HDL/LDL	LDL/HDL	N-HDL; (mmol/L)
ND-fed mice
ND	—	3.39 ± 0.10	1.24 ± 0.06	3.57 ± 0.12	0.44 ± 0.02	8.18 ± 0.35	0.13 ± 0.01	0.65 ± 0.02
ND/EtSF-S	1	3.37 ± 0.14	1.29 ± 0.08	3.66 ± 0.19	0.45 ± 0.02	8.27 ± 0.57	0.13 ± 0.01	0.53 ± 0.05*
	9	3.25 ± 0.12	1.05 ± 0.15	3.58 ± 0.14	0.45 ± 0.03	8.07 ± 0.43	0.13 ± 0.01	0.46 ± 0.05**
ND/FF	0.1	2.32 ± 0.10**	0.60 ± 0.03**	2.36 ± 0.14**	0.40 ± 0.03	6.12 ± 0.38**	0.17 ± 0.01**	0.68 ± 0.03
ND	—	4.23 ± 0.25	1.81 ± 0.05	3.64 ± 0.18	0.47 ± 0.03	7.90 ± 0.38	0.13 ± 0.01	0.71 ± 0.12
ND/EtSF-P	1	4.28 ± 0.16	1.81 ± 0.06	3.66 ± 0.17	0.49 ± 0.03	7.62 ± 0.42	0.14 ± 0.01	0.71 ± 0.09
	9	4.44 ± 0.19	1.78 ± 0.17	3.72 ± 0.14	0.62 ± 0.05*	6.25 ± 0.57*	0.17 ± 0.02*	0.83 ± 0.09
ND	—	4.28 ± 0.14	1.82 ± 0.18	3.67 ± 0.16	0.59 ± 0.04	6.44 ± 0.42	0.16 ± 0.01	0.61 ± 0.04
ND/EtSF-S/P	1	4.31 ± 0.17	1.93 ± 0.19	3.52 ± 0.14	0.78 ± 0.04**	4.62 ± 0.20**	0.22 ± 0.01**	0.78 ± 0.06*
	9	4.67 ± 0.15	2.09 ± 0.11	4.09 ± 0.18	0.74 ± 0.03**	5.52 ± 0.12*	0.18 ± 0.004	0.58 ± 0.05
HCLD-fed mice
ND	—	4.15 ± 0.16	1.79 ± 0.10	3.70 ± 0.19	0.56 ± 0.04	6.71 ± 0.33	0.15 ± 0.01	0.45 ± 0.05
HCLD	—	5.59 ± 0.27**	1.24 ± 0.06**	3.60 ± 0.17	2.21 ± 0.12**	1.64 ± 0.06**	0.62 ± 0.02**	1.99 ± 0.15**
HCLD/EtSF-S	1	5.74 ± 0.23	0.97 ± 0.05^††	3.57 ± 0.09	2.38 ± 0.13	1.52 ± 0.06	0.67 ± 0.03	2.18 ± 0.17
	3	5.68 ± 0.14	1.08 ± 0.05	3.70 ± 0.08	2.23 ± 0.08	1.67 ± 0.05	0.60 ± 0.02	1.98 ± 0.10
	9	5.68 ± 0.16	0.96 ± 0.07^††	3.68 ± 0.09	2.31 ± 0.13	1.63 ± 0.08	0.63 ± 0.03	2.00 ± 0.12
HCLD/FF	0.1	3.95 ± 0.22^††	0.77 ± 0.04^††	3.34 ± 0.23	0.76 ± 0.07^††	4.62 ± 0.31^††	0.23 ± 0.02^††	0.61 ± 0.06^††
ND	—	4.23 ± 0.25	1.81 ± 0.05	3.64 ± 0.18	0.47 ± 0.03	7.90 ± 0.38	0.13 ± 0.01	0.71 ± 0.12
HCLD	—	5.06 ± 0.23*	1.01 ± 0.06**	3.22 ± 0.11	1.55 ± 0.05**	2.05 ± 0.11**	0.50 ± 0.02**	1.95 ± 0.15**
HCLD/EtSF-P	1	4.98 ± 0.15	1.04 ± 0.08	3.23 ± 0.09	1.61 ± 0.07	2.03 ± 0.08	0.50 ± 0.02	1.75 ± 0.13
	3	5.61 ± 0.20	0.92 ± 0.08	3.60 ± 0.14	1.74 ± 0.09	2.03 ± 0.09	0.50 ± 0.02	2.01 ± 0.10
	9	6.38 ± 0.20^††	0.76 ± 0.06^††	3.70 ± 0.14^†	2.28 ± 0.09^††	1.59 ± 0.07^††	0.64 ± 0.03^††	2.69 ± 0.13^††
ND	—	4.28 ± 0.14	1.82 ± 0.18	3.67 ± 0.16	0.59 ± 0.04	6.44 ± 0.42	0.16 ± 0.01	0.61 ± 0.04
HCLD	—	5.10 ± 0.18**	0.73 ± 0.06**	3.74 ± 0.13	1.97 ± 0.11**	1.95 ± 0.12**	0.53 ± 0.04**	1.35 ± 0.13**
HCLD/EtSF-S/P	1	6.40 ± 0.16^††	0.69 ± 0.07	4.26 ± 0.09^††	2.88 ± 0.11^††	1.50 ± 0.07^††	0.68 ± 0.03^††	2.14 ± 0.12^††
	3	6.34 ± 0.31^††	0.57 ± 0.04^†	4.01 ± 0.19	2.80 ± 0.16^††	1.45 ± 0.07^††	0.70 ± 0.03^††	2.33 ± 0.18^††
	9	7.32 ± 0.23^††	0.60 ± 0.05	4.38 ± 0.12^††	3.41 ± 0.16^††	1.30 ± 0.06^††	0.78 ± 0.04^††	2.94 ± 0.20^††

Mice were fed with normal diet (ND) or hypercholesterolemic diet (HCLD) without and with the ethanolic extract of Schisandrae Fructus (SF) pulp, seed, or their combination (namely, EtSF-P, EtSF-S, and EtSF-P/S, resp.) and fenofibrate (FF) at the indicated doses (%, w/w), which was estimated on the basis of crude herbal material, for 10 days. Then serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and non-HDL (N-HDL) levels, as well as HDL/LDL and LDL/HDL ratios, were measured. HCLD was constituted of 1% cholesterol and 0.3% bile salt (w/w). Values given are the means ± SEM, with 𝑛=10. ^∗𝑃<0.05, ^∗∗𝑃<0.01 versus ND; ^†𝑃<0.05, ^††𝑃<0.01 versus HCLD. Statistical significant differences were determined using a one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test or post hoc analysis.