Effect of Eugenol on Cell Surface Hydrophobicity, Adhesion, and Biofilm of Candida tropicalis and Candida dubliniensis Isolated from Oral Cavity of HIV-Infected Patients

Table 3

Effect of eugenol on cell surface hydrophobicity, and adhesion to human epithelial cells and polystyrene.

Isolate	CSH^a		Adhesion to HEp-2 cells^b		Adhesion to polystyrene^c
	Untreated	Treated^d	Untreated	Treated^d	Untreated	Treated^d
Candida dubliniensis
131	67.97±5.61^∗	39.22±6.97	92.00±5.60^#	35.00±5.27	0.450±0.001^′′	0.302±0.001
219	29.48±2.97^∗	15.58±3.16	45.00±4.16^#	14.00±4.53	0.405±0.002^′′	0.209±0.001
248	69.20±9.10^∗	16.00±6.11	90.00±5.21^#	30.00±4.73	0.384±0.001^′′	0.216±0.002
Candida tropicalis
23	72.00±8.22^∗	21.00±5.63	92.00±5.12^#	46.00±4.33	0.397±0.004^′′	0.288±0.003
150	41.66±4.72^∗	23.75±5.21	81.00±5.06^#	43.00±5.84	0.335±0.002^′′	0.108±0.001
176	84.59±4.32	81.16±3.19	45.00±3.12	36.00±3.21	0.395±0.005	0.393±0.002

aPercentage of cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) determined by the difference in the optical density (OD) of the aqueous phase between test and control. The greater the change in OD of the aqueous phase, the more hydrophobic the yeast sample is. bThe percent adherence was calculated by the equation: % Adherence = (cfu₁₂₀/cfu₀) × 100, where cfu₁₂₀ refers to adhered bacterial cells per mL after 2 h and cfu₀ the initial number of inoculated cells. cThe metabolic activity of cells was determined by the XTT-reduction assay after 2 h of adhesion on polystyrene surface. dPlanktonic cells were eugenol-treated for 1 h with 0.5 × MIC before the assay. Significant differences in CSH (*), adhesion to HEp-2 cells (#) and to polystyrene (′′) properties when compared to eugenol-treated counterpart cells (^∗,#𝑃<0.005; ^′′𝑃<0.05).