Cognitive Enhancing and Neuroprotective Effect of the Embryo of the Nelumbo nucifera Seed

Figure 1

(a) Effect of ENS (3, 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg) on escape latency (s) for 4-day trials of the Morris water maze test in scopolamine-induced memory impairment. Donepezil group (positive control; 1 mg/kg body weight, P.O.) and ENS (3, 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg body weight, P.O.) were treated 90 min before scopolamine administration. The test trial was performed 30 min after scopolamine treatment. Escape latency (s), the time taken to locate the platform, was recorded during the test trial. Results are expressed as the mean escape latency of each group on the test day. Data represent means ± S.E.M. () (, , and versus the scopolamine group). Effect of ENS (3, 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg) on (b) mean swim distance on day 4 and (c) swim speed during the test trial. Data represent means ± S.E.M. () ( versus the control group; versus the scopolamine group). Control: control group, Sco: scopolamine only treated group, Sco + donepezil: scopolamine and donepezil treated group, and Sco + ENS: scopolamine and ENS treated group.

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