Optimization of Phenolics Extracted from Idesia polycarpa Defatted Fruit Residue and Its Antioxidant and Depigmenting Activity In Vitro and In Vivo

Table 3

DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl free radicals scavenging activities and inhibition of lipoprotein oxidation and SOD-like activities with IC₅₀ values of the extracts of Idesia polycarpa fruit and BHT (or AA, VE) as positive control.

Sample	DPPH; radical^a	ABTS; radical^a	Hydroxyl; radical^a	Lipoprotein^a	SOD-like activity^a (%) at 0.1 mg/mL	SOD-like activity^a (%) at 0.2 mg/mL
	IC^b50; (mg/mL)	IC^b50; (mg/mL)	IC^b50; (mg/mL)	IC^b50; (mg/mL)
CE	0.093±0.007^∗∗	0.43±0.04^∗∗	2.08±0.08^∗∗	0.085±0.007^∗	49.33±0.93^∗	54.92±0.63^∗∗
EAE	0.032±0.002^∗∗	0.35±0.03^∗∗	7.20±0.18^∗∗	0.065±0.001^∗∗	60.00±0.78^∗∗	65.27±0.39^∗∗
BAE	0.131±0.020^∗∗	0.64±0.10^∗∗	—	0.353±0.024^∗∗	54.22±0.39^∗∗	59.94±0.54^∗∗
AF	0.213±0.030^∗∗	0.74±0.04^∗∗	2.06±0.20^∗∗	0.815±0.065^∗∗	47.43±0.97	54.09±1.02^∗∗
BHT	0.067±0.004	0.091±0.008	—	—	45.72±2.19	47.05±2.35
VE/AA	—	—	0.095±0.003	0.114±0.016^c	96.24±0.86^c∗∗	99.11±0.32^c∗∗

aEach value is expressed as mean ± standard deviation (𝑛=3).
^bIC₅₀ (mg/mL): the concentration at which 50% is inhibited.
^cVE as the control.
* 𝑃<0.05; **𝑃<0.01 compared with BHT.