Millimeter Wave Treatment Inhibits Apoptosis of Chondrocytes via Regulation Dynamic Equilibrium of Intracellular Free Ca²⁺

Figure 5

Effect of MW on cell apoptosis in chondrocytes. Chondrocytes were treated with 10 ng/mL TNF-α or TNF-α and MW, collected and stained with Hoechst 33258, and observed under a fluorescence microscope using Annexin-V⁺/PI and flow cytometry (FCM) analysis. (a) Visible condensed nuclei of chondrocytes stained with Hoechst 33258. (b) Apoptosis of chondrocytes analyzed by FACS. Images are representative of three independent experiments. (c) Quantification of FACS analysis. Data are averages with SD (error bars) from three independent experiments. , compared with the untreated control. , compared with the 10 ng/mL TNF-α group.

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