Potential Mechanisms Responsible for the Antinephrolithic Effects of an Aqueous Extract of Fructus Aurantii

Figure 1

The CaOx crystals were observed under an inverted microscope (400x). (a) A control group exhibits crystal formation during the inhibition test. (b) The Fa extract was concomitantly added at a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL to the solution containing the crystallization reagents at time 0 h for a duration of 24 h. (c) A control group exhibits crystal formation during the crystal dissolution test. (d) The Fa extract was added at a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL to the formed crystals for 24 h.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)