Ferulic Acid Attenuates TGF-β1-Induced Renal Cellular Fibrosis in NRK-52E Cells by Inhibiting Smad/ILK/Snail Pathway

Figure 1

FA reversed TGF-β1-induced morphological changes in NRK-52E cells. NRK-52E cells were incubated with 5 ng/mL of TGF-β1 for 48 h with different concentrations of FA (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μM). (a) Untreated NRK-52E cells showed that a pebble-like shape is clearly observed. (b) TGF-β1-treated cells showed a decrease in cell-cell contacts and adopt a more elongated morphological shape. (c), (d), (e), and (f) showed reversed TGF-β1-induced morphological changes by different concentrations of FA (magnification of 200x).

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